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INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators
Product specification 1997 Feb 25
Philips Semiconductors
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DESCRIPTION
The TL431 and TL431A are 3-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive and commercial temperature ranges. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF (approximately 2.5V) and 36V with two external resistors (see Figure 4). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications like on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies and switching power supplies. The TL431C and TL431AC are characterized for operation from 0C to +70C; the TL431I and TL431AI are characterized for operation from -40C to +85C.
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
M, D Package
TOP VIEW CATHODE ANODE ANODE NC 1 2 3 4 SOT96-1 8 7 6 5 REF ANODE ANODE NC
N, P Package
TOP VIEW CATHODE 1 2 3 4 SOT97-1 8 7 6 5 REF NC ANODE NC
FEATURES
NC NC NC
* Equivalent full-range temperature coefficient: 30ppm/C * 0.2 typical output impedance * Sink current capability: 1mA to 100mA * Low output noise * Adjustable output voltage: VREF to 36V
Z, LP, U Package
CATHODE ANODE SOT54 REF
SL01167
Figure 1. Pin Configuration
ORDERING INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION 3-Pin Plastic TO92 3-Pin Plastic TO92
2
TEMPERATURE RANGE 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C
INDUSTRY STANDARD PART NUMBER TL431CLP TL431ACLP TL431ILP TL431AILP LM431ACZ TL431CD TL431ID TL431ACD TL431AID LM431ACM TL431CP TL431IP TL431ACP TL431AIP
ORDER CODE TL431CLPU TL431ACLPU TL431ILPU TL431AILPU LM431ACZU TL431CD TL431ID TL431ACD TL431AID LM431ACMD TL431CPN TL431IPN TL431ACPN TL431AIPN
DWG # SOT54 SOT54 SOT54 SOT54 SOT54 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1
3-Pin Plastic TO92 2
2
3-Pin Plastic TO92 2 3-Pin Plastic TO92 2 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP)
NOTE: 1. SYMBOL INFORMATION: Parts will be marked with product name including temperature and electrical grade desginators, but not the package identifier. 2. TO92 is normally shipped in bulk, i.e., in plastic bags (containing 1,000 parts), 5 bags per box. Tape and reel (or ammo box) is an option. See page 15 for information. 1997 Feb 25 2 853-1927 17795
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SYMBOL VKA PARAMETER Cathode voltage (see Note 1) Continuous cathode current range Reference input current range Tamb TSTG Operating free-air temperature range C suffix I suffix Temperature storage range Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 in.) from case for 10 sec: D or P pkgs Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 in.) from case for 60 sec: LP pkg NOTE: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted. RATING 37 -100 to +150 0.05 to 10 0 to +70 -40 to +85 -65 to 150 260 300 UNITS V mA mA C C C C C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
SYMBOL VKA IK Cathode voltage Cathode current PARAMETER MIN VREF 1 MAX 36 100 UNITS V mA
Table 1. Dissipation Rating Table - Free-Air Temperature
Package D LP P Derating Factor Above Tamb = 25C 5.8mW/C 6.2mW/C 8.0mW/C Tamb = 25C Power Rating 725mW 775mW 1000mW Tamb = 70C Power Rating 464mW 496mW 640mW Tamb = 85C Power Rating 429mW 403mW 520mW
CATHODE R4 800 R3 800 C1 20p REF Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 QD6 Q7 R5 3.28K R2 150 Q1
R7 320
R1 10K
Qq1
R11 2.4K
R10 7.2K
C2 20p Q9 Q10 R8 1000
Q11 R9 800 ANODE
Q8
QD2
SL01188
Figure 2. Equivalent Schematic
1997 Feb 25
3
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
25C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) DV REF DV KA IREF IREF(dev) IMIN IOFF | ZKA | PARAMETER Reference input voltage Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range3 Ratio of change in reference in ut input voltage to the change in cathode voltage Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range3 Minimum cathode current for regulation Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance4 TEST CKT Fig. 3 Fig. 3 TEST CONDITIONS MIN VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA, Tamb = full range2 IK = 10mA VKA = 10V - VREF VKA = 36V - 10V 2470 TL431AC TYP 2495 4 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2520 15 -2.7 -2 4 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 TL431C/LM431AC MIN 2440 TYP 2495 4 -1.4 -1 2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2550 17 -2.7 mV/V -2 4 1.2 1 1 0.5 A A mA A mV mV UNIT
Fig. Fig 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 5 Fig. 3
IK = 10mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = IK = 10mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = , Tamb = full range2 VKA = VREF VKA = 36V, VREF = 0 VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f 1kHz
25C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) DV REF DV KA IREF IREF(dev) IMIN IOFF | ZKA | PARAMETER Reference input voltage Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range3 Ratio of change in reference in ut input voltage to the change in cathode voltage Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range3 Minimum cathode current for regulation Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance4 TEST CKT Fig. 3 Fig. 3 TEST CONDITIONS MIN VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA, Tamb = full range2 IK = 10mA VKA = 10V - VREF VKA = 36V - 10V 2470 TL431AI TYP 2495 5 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2520 25 -2.7 -2 4 2.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 MIN 2440 TL431I TYP 2495 5 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2550 30 -2.7 mV/V -2 4 2.5 1 1 0.5 A A A A mV mV UNIT
Fig. Fig 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 5 Fig. 3
IK = 10mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = IK = 10mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = , Tamb = full range2 VKA = VREF VKA = 36V, VREF = 0 VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f 1kHz
NOTES: 2. Full temperature range is -40C to +85C for the TL431I and TL431AI, and 0C to +70C for the TL431C and TL431AC. 3. The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and IREF(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated termperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, VREF, is defined as:
V REF(dev) V REF at 25 oC
| aV REF |
ppm deg C
@ 10 6
Max VREF VREF(dev) Min VREF Tamb
+
DT amb
where Tamb is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.
1997 Feb 25
4
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
VREF can be positive or negative depending on whether minimum VREF of maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: Max VREF = 2496mV at 30C, Min VREF = 2492mV at 0C, VREF = 2495mV at 25C, DTA = 70C for TL431C. | aV REF | +
4mV @ 2495mV 70 oC
10 6
+ 23ppm oC
Because minimum VREF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. 4. The dynamic impedance is defined as: | Z | + DV KA KA DI K When the device is operating with two external resistors, (see Figure xx), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: | Z | + DV [ | Z KA | 1 ) R1 R2 DI
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
INPUT IK VKA INPUT Ioff VKA
Vref
SL01177
SL01179
Figure 3. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref
Figure 5. Test Circuit for IOFF
INPUT IK Iref
VKA
R1
R2
Vref
V
KA
+V
ref
1)
R1 )I ref R2
R1
SL01178
Figure 4. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref
1997 Feb 25
5
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
V ref - REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE - (mV)
2600 2580 2560 2540 2520 2500 2480 2460 2440 2420 2400 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Vref = 2440mV Vref = 2495mV Vref = 2550mV Iref - REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT - ( A) VKA = Vref IK = 10mA
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -75 R1 = 10k R2 = IK = 10mA
-50
Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
-25 0 25 50 75 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
100
125
SL01170
SL01168
Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage vs. Temperature
Figure 9. Reference Input Current vs. Temperature
150 125 CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 100 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V) VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C
Ioff - OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT - (nA)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 VKA = 36V Vref = 0V
Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
SL01171
SL01169
Figure 7. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Figure 10. Off-State Cathode Current vs. Temperature
800 I K - CATHODE CURRENT - (A) VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C 600 d(Vref)/d(Vka) - (mV/V) Imin 400
0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 VKA = 3V TO 36V
200
0
-200 -1 0 1 2 3 VKA - CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V)
-1 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
SL01172
SL01173
Figure 8. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Figure 11. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage over Temperature
1997 Feb 25
6
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
4 3 Vn - INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE - V 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
0
1
2
3
4 5 6 t - TIME - (SECONDS)
7
8
9
10
Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-Second Period
19.1V 1k
500F
910 2000F VCC 1F 820 TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV 16k 16 160k 1F 0.1F 33k 33k 1M CRO 16k TLE2027 AV = 2V/V
VCC
TL431 (DUT)
22F
VEE
VEE
Test Circuit Figure 12.
SL01174
400 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C 350 Vn - NOISE VOLTAGE - nV/ Hz
300
250
200
150
100 10
100
1K f-FREQUENCY-Hz
10K
100K
SL01180
Figure 13. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs. Frequency
1997 Feb 25
7
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
7 INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 t - TIME - s 4 5 6 7 GND PULSE GENERATOR f = 100kHz 220 OUTPUT
50
Test Circuit
Pulse Response Figure 14. Pulse Response
SL01182
100 90 80 IK - CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 70 STABLE 60 A 50 A 40 30 20 10 0 0.001 D 0.01 C UNSTABLE VKA < 15V UNSTABLE VKA 0.1 CL - LOAD CAPACITANCE - (F) 1 10 CL R2 R1 = 10k UNSTABLE VKA < 10 STABLE Tamb = 25C A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5V C VKA = 10V D VKA = 15V UNSTABLE VKA < 5 B IK CL
150
VBATT
Test Circuit for Curve A
IK
150
VBATT
Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D
SL01176
Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions
1997 Feb 25
8
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
100 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C
1k |ZKA| - REFERENCE IMPEDANCE - OUTPUT 10 IK 50
GND 1
Test Circuit for Reference Impedance
0.1 1K 10K 100K f - FREQUENCY - Hz 1M 10M
SL01175
Figure 16. Reference Impedance vs. Frequency
70 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C 60 Av - VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION - dB
50 15k 40 9F
OUTPUT IK 230
30
8.25k GND
20
Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification
10
0 1K
10K
100K FREQUENCY IN Hz
1M
10M
SL01181
Figure 17. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency
1997 Feb 25
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
V+ R1 VOUT V+ R1 VOUT
R2 R2
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2
SL01183
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 VOUT Min = Vref + Vbe Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator
SL01186
Figure 18. Shunt Regulator
V+ RCL V+ IOUT
VOUT VIN
VIN < Vref > Vref
VTH = Vref
VOUT V+ 2.0V
SL01184
I OUT +
V ref R CL
SL01187
Figure 19. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold
Figure 22. Constant Current Source
V+ R1
VOUT
V+
ISINK
I SINK +
R2 RS
V ref RS
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2
SL01185 SL01189
Figure 20. High Current Shunt Regulator
Figure 23. Constant Current Sink
1997 Feb 25
10
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
SO8: plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3.9mm
SOT96-1
1997 Feb 25
11
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DIP8: plastic dual in-line package; 8 leads (300 mil)
SOT97-1
1997 Feb 25
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
SOT54
0.40 min.
4.2 max. 5.2 max. 1.6 12.7 min.
1 4.8 max. 2.54 2 3
0.48 0.40
0.66 0.56
2.0 max. (1)
Dimensions in mm. (1) Terminal dimensions within this zone are uncontrolled to allow for flow of plastic and terminal irregularities.
SL01191
1997 Feb 25
13
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
TO-92 transistors on tape
P A1 A H2 (p) h T h
TO-92
H1 H0 L
W2
W0 W 1 W
F1 F P2 P0
F2
D0
t1 t
SL01192
Table 2. Tape specification (TO-92 leaded types)
SPECIFICATIONS SYMBOL A1 A T P P0 Body width Body height Body thickness Pitch of component Feed hole pitch Cumulative pitch error P2 F h W W0 W1 W2 H0 H1 L D0 t F1, F2 H2 (p) Feed hole center to component center Distance between outer leads Component alignment Tape width Hold-down tape width Hole position Hold-down tape position Lead wire clinch height Component height Length of snipped leads Feed hole diameter Total tape thickness Lead-to-lead distance Clinch height Pull-out force DIMENSION MIN. 4 4.8 3.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 12.7 12.7 - 6.35 5.08 0 18 6 9 0.5 16.5 - - 4 - - - - NOM. - MAX. 4.8 5.2 3.9 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 23.25 11 - 1.2 - - - TOL. - - - 1 0.3 0.1 0.4 +0.6/-0.2 - 0.5 0.2 +0.7/-0.5 0.2 0.5 - - 0.2 - +0.4/-0.2 - - UNIT mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm N Note 1 to be measured at bottom of clinch REMARKS
NOTE: 1. Measured over 20 devices.
1997 Feb 25
14
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
Tape splicing
Splice the carrier tape on the back and/or front so that the feed hole pitch (P0) is maintained.
Bulk packing
In addition to TO-92 on tape, TO-92 can also be delivered in bulk. Products are packed in boxes in foil and plastic bags with 1,000 pieces to a bag and 5 bags to a box.
LABEL CARRIER STRIP
LABEL CARRIER STRIP ROUNDED SIDE ADHESIVE TAPE CATHODE PIN VREF PIN
FLAT SIDE ADHESIVE TAPE
FEED
FEED
FLAT SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE
ROUNDED SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE
SPC T (Note 1) Figure 24. TO-92 Reel Styles
SPC F (Note 1)
SL01193
FLAT SIDE
LABEL
In Ammo Pack, the parts are put on the tape the same as in SPC T. However, depending on which end of the Ammo Pack is opened, the VREF OR Cathode pin may come first. If opened from the end marked with a "+", the Cathode comes first.
Figure 25. TO-92 Ammo Pack Styles NOTE: 1. Order SPC F, T or A depending on what is required.
1997 Feb 25
EEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE
ADHESIVE TAPE ON TOP SIDE
CARRIER STRIP
FLAT SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE
SPC A (Note 1)
15
EEEEEEE
SL01194
EEEEEEEE
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DEFINITIONS
Data Sheet Identification
Objective Specification
Product Status
Formative or in Design
Definition
This data sheet contains the design target or goal specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains Final Specifications. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice, in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.
Preliminary Specification
Preproduction Product
Product Specification
Full Production
Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation reserve the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of a Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Product can reasonably be expected to result in a personal injury. Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation customers using or selling Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Philips Semiconductors 811 East Arques Avenue P.O. Box 3409 Sunnyvale, California 94088-3409 Telephone 800-234-7381 (c) Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1997 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
Philips Semiconductors
1997 Feb 25 16

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