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19-1934; Rev 1; 4/01
Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX
General Description
The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 is a family of dual linear taper digital potentiometers. Each device has one 3-terminal potentiometer and one 2-terminal variable resistor (Figure 1). The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 operate from +2.7V to +5.5V single-supply voltages and use an ultra-low supply current of 0.1A. These devices also provide glitchless switching between resistors taps as well as a convenient power-on reset (POR) that sets the wiper to the midscale position at power-up. The potentiometer consists of a fixed resistor with a wiper contact that is digitally controlled through a 3-wire serial interface and has 256-tap points. It performs the same function as a discrete potentiometer or variable resistor. These parts are ideal for applications requiring digitally controlled resistors. Three resistance values are available: 10k (MAX5403), 50k (MAX5404), and 100k (MAX5405). A nominal resistor-temperature coefficient of 35ppm/C end-to-end and 5ppm/C ratiometric make the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 ideal for applications requiring low temperature-coefficient variable resistors, such as adjustable-gain circuit configurations. The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 are available in a 10pin MAX package. Each device is guaranteed over the extended industrial temperature range (-40C to +85C). o 256-Tap Positions o Ultra Low 0.1A Supply Current o +2.7V to +5.5V Single-Supply Operation o Low End-To-End Temperature Coefficient: 35ppm/C o Low Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient: 5ppm/C o Power-On Reset: Wiper Goes to Midscale (Position 128) o Glitchless Switching Between Resistor Taps o 3-Wire SPITM -Interface Compatible o 10k/50k/100k Resistor Values
Features
o 10-Pin MAX Small Footprint Package
MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
Applications
Mechanical Potentiometer Replacement Low-Drift Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) Volume Control LCD Screen Adjustment Adjustable Voltage Reference Programmable Filters, Delays, Time Constant Impedance Matching
PART MAX5403EUB MAX5404EUB MAX5405EUB
Ordering Information
TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 10 MAX 10 MAX 10 MAX R (k) 10 50 100
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
GND 1 LB HB WB 2 3 4 5 10 LA 9 WA VDD SCLK DIN
MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5405
8 7 6
SPI is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.
CS
MAX
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +6V DIN, SCLK, CS .........................................................-0.3V to +6V HX, LX, WX to GND .......................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3) Maximum Continuous Current Into HX, LX, and WX ...........1mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 10-Pin MAX (derate 5.6mW/C above +70C) ...........444mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = +5V, unless otherwise noted. VH = VDD, VL = 0, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are at VDD = +5V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER Resolution Integral Nonlinearity (Notes 1, 2) Differential Nonlinearity (Notes 1, 2) End-to-End Resistor Tempco Ratiometric Resistor Tempco Full-Scale Error Zero-Scale Error Full-Scale Error Zero-Scale Error Full-Scale Error Zero-Scale Error DC PERFORMANCE (Variable Resistor Mode) Resolution N MAX5403 (Pot A) VDD = +5V Integral Nonlinearity (Notes 1, 3) INL MAX5403 (Pot B) MAX5404 MAX5405 MAX5403 (Pot A) VDD = +3V MAX5403 (Pot B) MAX5404 MAX5405 Differential Nonlinearity (Notes 1, 3) DNL VDD = +5V VDD = +3V VDD = +5V VDD = +3V MAX5403 MAX5404/MAX5405 50 30 275 550 8 2.5 1 1 1 4.5 3 1.5 1.5 1/2 LSB LSB Bits MAX5403 MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5404 MAX5405 MAX5405 SYMBOL N INL DNL TCR 35 5 -8 +8 -1.6 +1.6 -0.8 +0.8 CONDITIONS MIN 8 1/2 1/2 TYP MAX UNITS Bits LSB LSB ppm/C ppm/C LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB DC PERFORMANCE (Voltage Divider Mode)
DC PERFORMANCE (Resistor Characteristics) Wiper Resistance (Note 4) Wiper Capacitance RW CW pF
2
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = +5V, unless otherwise noted. VH = VDD, VL = 0, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are at VDD = +5V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER End-to-End Resistance DIGITAL INPUTS Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (ANALOG) MAX5403 Wiper-Settling Time tS MAX5404 MAX5405 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (DIGITAL) (Note 5) Maximum SCLK Frequency SCLK Clock Period SCLK Pulse Width High SCLK Pulse Width Low CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup Time SCLK Rise to CS Rise Hold Time DIN Setup Time DIN Hold Time SCLK Rise to CS Fall Delay CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold CS Pulse Width High POWER SUPPLIES Supply Voltage Supply Current VDD IDD CS = SCLK = DIN = VDD VDD = +5V VDD = +2.7V 2.7 0.8 0.1 5.5 5 V A A tCP tCH tCL tCSS tCSH tDS tDH tCS0 tCS1 tCSW 10 100 40 40 40 0 40 0 10 40 100 MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 100 325 650 ns 5 VIH VIL 0.7 VDD 0.3 VDD 1.0 V V A pF SYMBOL MAX5403 RHL MAX5404 MAX5405 CONDITIONS MIN 7.5 37.5 75 TYP 10 50 100 MAX 12.5 62.5 125 k UNITS
MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
Note 1: Linearity is defined in terms of the HX to LX code-dependent resistance. Note 2: The DNL and INL are measured with the potentiometer configured as a voltage divider with HX = VDD and LX = 0. The wiper terminal is unloaded and measured with an ideal voltmeter. Note 3: The DNL and INL are measured with the potentiometer configured as a variable resistor. For the 3-terminal potentiometer (Pot A), HA is unconnected and LA = 0. For the 2-terminal potentiometer (Pot B), only LB = 0. At VDD = +5V, the wiper terminal is driven with a source current of 400A for the 10k configuration, 80A for the 50k configuration, and 40A for the 100k configuration. At VDD = +3V, 200A/40A/20A for 10k/50k/100k configuration respectively. Note 4: The wiper resistance is the worst value measured by injecting into WX, a current IW = VDD / RHL. Note 5: Digital timing is guaranteed by design.
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VDD = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
WIPER RESISTANCE vs. WIPER VOLTAGE (50k)
360 340 WIPER RESISTANCE () 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 WIPER VOLTAGE (V) VDD = +5V VDD = +3V
MAX5403 toc01
WIPER RESISTANCE vs. WIPER VOLTAGE (100k)
MAX5403 toc02
WIPER-TO-END RESISTANCE vs. WIPER VOLTAGE (10k)
MAX5403 toc03
380
400 380 WIPER RESISTANCE () 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0 VDD = +5V VDD = +3V
300 280 WIPER RESISTANCE () 260 240 220 200 180 160 VDD = +5V VDD = +3V
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 WIPER VOLTAGE (V)
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 WIPER VOLTAGE (V)
WIPER-TO-END RESISTANCE vs. INPUT CODE (50k)
MAX5403 toc04
WIPER-TO-END RESISTANCE vs. INPUT CODE (100k)
MAX5403 toc05
WIPER-TO-END RESISTANCE vs. INPUT CODE (10k)
9 W-TO-L RESISTANCE (k) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MAX5403 toc06
50 45 W-TO-L RESISTANCE (k) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 32 64 96
100 90 W-TO-L RESISTANCE (k) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10
128 160 192 224 256
0
32
64
96
128 160 192 224 256
0
32
64
96
128 160 192 224 256
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
VARIABLE RESISTOR DNL vs. INPUT CODE (10k)
MAX5403 toc07
VARIABLE RESISTOR INL vs. INPUT CODE (10k)
MAX5403 toc08
VARIABLE RESISTOR DNL vs. INPUT CODE (50k)
0.05 0.04 DNL (LSB) 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 VDD = +5V
MAX5403 toc09
0.20
0.50 0.40 0.30 INL (LSB) 0.20 0.10 0.00 -0.10
0.06
0.15
DNL (LSB)
0.10
0.05
0.00 -0.20 -0.05 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 INPUT CODE (DECIMAL) -0.30 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
0
32
64
96
128 160 192 224 256
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
4
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
VARIABLE RESISTOR INL vs. INPUT CODE (50k)
MAX5403 toc10
MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
VARIABLE RESISTOR DNL vs. INPUT CODE (100k)
MAX5403 toc11
VARIABLE RESISTOR INL vs. INPUT CODE (100k)
0.10 0.05 INL (LSB) 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20
MAX5403 toc12
0.04 0.02 0.00 -0.02 INL (LSB) -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.12 -0.14 -0.16 0 32 64 96
0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224
0.15
128 160 192 224 256
DNL (LSB)
256
0
32
64
96
128
160 192 224
256
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER DNL vs. INPUT CODE (10k)
MAX5403 toc13
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER INL vs. INPUT CODE (10k)
MAX5403 toc14
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER DNL vs. INPUT CODE (50k)
0.07 0.06 0.05 DNL (LSB) 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02
MAX5403 toc15
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 DNL (LSB)
0.15 0.10 0.05 INL (LSB) 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20
0.08
0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
0
32
64
96
128
160 192 224
256
0
32
64
96
128
160 192 224
256
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER INL vs. INPUT CODE (50k)
MAX5403 toc16
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER DNL vs. INPUT CODE (100k)
MAX5403 toc17
VOLTAGE-DIVIDER INL vs. INPUT CODE (100k)
0.10 0.05 INL (LSB) 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20
MAX5403 toc18
0.15 0.10 0.05
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 DNL (LSB) 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01
0.15
INL (LSB)
0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
-0.02 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
0
32
64
96
128
160 192 224
256
INPUT CODE (DECIMAL)
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = +5.0V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. LOGIC INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX5403 toc19
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5403 toc20
MAX5403 toc22
10
1.0 0.8 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) VDD = +5V
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1 VDD = +5V
0.1
0.6
0.01
0.4 VDD = +3V
VDD = +3V
0.001 0.0001 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 INPUT LOGIC VOLTAGE (V)
0.2 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 TEMPERATURE (C)
END-TO-END RESISTANCE % CHANGE vs. TEMPERATURE
END-TO-END RESISTANCE % CHANGE 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 10k CS 5V/div 100k 50k 100k VW-L 10mV/div 10k 50k
MAX5403 toc21
TAP-TO-TAP SWITCHING TRANSIENT (CODE 127 TO 128)
0.20
200ns/div
TEMPERATURE (C)
6
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 NAME GND LB HB WB CS DIN SCLK VDD WA LA Ground Low Terminal of Resistor B High Terminal of Resistor B Wiper Terminal of Resistor B SPI Chip Select SPI Serial Data Input SPI Clock Input Power Supply, +2.7V to +5.5V. Connect a 0.1F capacitor to GND. Wiper Terminal of Resistor A Low Terminal of Resistor A FUNCTION
MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
POR VDD GND R DIN 9-BIT SHIFT REGISTER 8 R 8-BIT LATCH 8 DECODE 256
MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5405
WA
LA HB R 8-BIT LATCH 8 DECODE 256 WB LB
SCLK CS
SR DECODE
Figure 1. MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 Functional Diagram: 2-Terminal Variable Resistor and 3-Terminal Potentiometers in 10-MAX Configuration
Detailed Description
Each potentiometer consists of 255 fixed resistors in series between pins H B and L B for the 3-terminal potentiometer and between WA and LA for the 2-terminal variable resistor (Figure 1). The potentiometer wiper (pin WX) can be programmed to access any one of the 256 different tap points on the resistor string. The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 require nine bits to program the wiper position. The 1st bit is an address code,
allowing one or the other potentiometers to be selected for programming. The potentiometers are programmed independently of each other. The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 use a 3-wire serial data interface to control the wiper tap position. This write-only interface contains three inputs: Chip Select (CS), Data In (DIN), and Data Clock (SCLK). When CS is taken low, data from the DIN pin is synchronously loaded into the serial shift register on each rising edge
7
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
POT REGISTER LOADED
CS
SCLK 1ST CLOCK PULSE DIN A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 9TH CLOCK PULSE D1 D0
MSB TIME
LSB
Figure 2. Potentiometer Serial Data Timing Circuit
CS *** tCSO SCLK tDS tDH DIN *** tCSS tCL tCH *** tCS1 tCP tCSH tCSW
Figure 3. Detailed Serial Interface Timing Diagram
of each SCLK pulse (Figure 2). After all the data bits have been shifted in, they are latched into the appropriate potentiometer control register when CS transitions from low to high. Note that if CS is not kept low during the entire data stream, the data will be corrupted and the device will need to be reloaded. The first bit A0 (address bit) is used to address one or the other of the potentiometers for programming. Potentiometer control register A is selected for writing when A0 is `zero', and potentiometer control register B is selected when A0 is one. The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 feature POR circuitry that sets the wiper to the midscale position at power-up.
Adjustable Current to Voltage Converter
Figure 5 shows the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 being used with a MAX4250 low-noise op amp to fine tune a current to voltage converter. Pins HB and WB of the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 3-terminal potentiometer (only pin WA of the 2-terminal variable resistor) are connected to the node between R3 and R2 (pin LX is connected to ground). Circuit space is minimized due to both devices' packaging.
Adjustable Gain Amplifier
Figure 6 shows how to use the MAX5403/MAX5404/ MAX5405 to digitally adjust the gain of a noninverting op amp configuration. In Figure 6a, connect the MAX5403/ MAX5404/MAX5405 as a 2-terminal variable resistor in series with a resistor to ground to form the adjustable gain control of a noninverting amplifier. Similarly, Figure 6b shows how to use the MAX5403/ MAX5404/MAX5405 as a 3-terminal potentiometer. In this application the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 low 5ppm/C ratiometric tempco allows for a very stable adjustable gain-configuration overtemperature.
Applications Information
The MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 are intended for a variety of circuits where accurate, fine-tuning adjustable resistance is required, such as in adjustable voltage or adjustable gain circuit configurations. It is primarily used in either a potentiometer divider or a variable resistor configuration.
8
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
ADDRESS B0 (A0) (MSB) First Bit In B1 (D7) B2 (D6) B3 (D5) DATA WORD B4 (D4) B5 (D3) B6 (D2) B7 (D1) B8 (D0) (LSB) Last Bit In
Figure 4. Serial Data Format
R3
WA
VCC
MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5405 +5V
VOUT R1 LA R2
WA V0 MAX4250 LA MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5405
V0 / IS = R3 (1 + R2/R1) + R2
Figure 5. I to V Converter
VCC VIN VOUT
+5V VIN OUT
Figure 6a. Adjustable Gain Circuit Using: 2-Terminal Variable Resistor
VOREF HB VOREF = 12.3kV / (100k C / 255) for MAX5403
WB HB LB
GND
MAX6160
ADJ
WB
VOREF = 61.5kV / (50k C / 255) for MAX5404 VOREF = 123kV / (100k C / 255) for MAX5405 WHERE C IS ANY CODE BEING WRITTEN TO A DEVICE. LB
MAX5403 MAX5404 MAX5405
Figure 6b. Adjustable Gain Circuit Using: 3-Terminal Potentiometer
Figure 7a. Adjustable Voltage Reference Using: 3-Terminal Potentiometer
Adjustable Voltage Reference
In Figure 7a, the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 is shown with the MAX6160 to make an adjustable voltage reference. In this circuit, the H X pin of the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 is connected to the OUT pin of the MAX6160, the L X pin of the MAX5403/ MAX5404/MAX5405 is connected to GND, and the WX
pin of the MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405 is connected to the ADJ pin of the MAX6160. The MAX5403/ MAX5404/MAX5405 allow precise setting of the voltage reference output. A low 5ppm/C ratiometric tempco allows a very stable, adjustable voltage over temperature.
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Dual 256-Tap, Low-Drift, Digital Potentiometers in 10-MAX MAX5403/MAX5404/MAX5405
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 8689 PROCESS: BiCMOS
Package Information
10LUMAX.EPS
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2001 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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