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INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators
Product data Supersedes data of 1997 Feb 25 2002 Jan 22
Philips Semiconductors
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DESCRIPTION
The TL431 and TL431A are 3-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive and commercial temperature ranges. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF (approximately 2.5 V) and 36 V with two external resistors (see Figure 4). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2 . Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications like on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies and switching power supplies. The TL431C and TL431AC are characterized for operation from 0 C to +70 C; the TL431I and TL431AI are characterized for operation from -40 C to +85 C.
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
D Package
TOP VIEW CATHODE ANODE ANODE NC 1 2 3 4 SOT96-1 8 7 6 5 REF ANODE ANODE NC
N Package
TOP VIEW CATHODE 1 2 3 4 SOT97-1 8 7 6 5 REF NC ANODE NC
FEATURES
NC NC NC
* Equivalent full-range temperature coefficient: 30 ppm/C * 0.2 typical output impedance * Sink current capability: 1 mA to 100 mA * Low output noise * Adjustable output voltage: VREF to 36 V
D5 Package
TOP VIEW NC NC CATHODE 1 2 3 SOT680-1 4 VREF 5 ANODE
SL01581
Figure 1. Pin configuration.
ORDERING INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) 5-pin plastic small outline package (SO5) TEMPERATURE RANGE 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C 0 C to +70 C 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C 0 C to +70 C -40 C to +85 C INDUSTRY STANDARD PART NUMBER TL431CD TL431ID TL431ACD TL431AID LM431ACM TL431CP TL431IP TL431ACP TL431AIP ORDER CODE TL431CD TL431ID TL431ACD TL431AID LM431ACMD TL431CPN TL431IPN TL431ACPN TL431AIPN TL431ACD5 TL431AID5 TL431CD5 TL431ID5 DWG # SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT96-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1 SOT97-1 SOT680-1 SOT680-1 SOT680-1 SOT680-1
NOTE: 1. SYMBOL INFORMATION: Parts will be marked with product name including temperature and electrical grade desginators, but not the package identifier.
2002 Jan 22
2
853-1927 27590
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SYMBOL VKA Cathode voltage (see Note 1) Continuous cathode current range Reference input current range Tamb Tstg Operating free-air temperature range C suffix I suffix Temperature storage range Lead temperature 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) from case for 10 sec: D5, D or P pkgs NOTE: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the ANODE terminal unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER RATING 37 -100 to +150 0.05 to 10 0 to +70 -40 to +85 -65 to 150 260 UNITS V mA mA C C C C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
SYMBOL VKA IK Cathode voltage Cathode current PARAMETER MIN VREF 1 MAX 36 100 UNITS V mA
Table 1. Dissipation Rating Table - Free-Air Temperature
Package D5 D P Derating Factor Above Tamb = 25 C 5.1 mW/C 5.8 mW/C 8.0 mW/C Tamb = 25 C Power Rating 637 mW 725 mW 1000 mW Tamb = 70 C Power Rating 408 mW 464 mW 640 mW Tamb = 85 C Power Rating 332 mW 429 mW 520 mW
CATHODE R4 800 R3 800 C1 20p REF Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 QD6 Q7 R5 3.28K R2 150 Q1
R7 320
R1 10K
Qq1
R11 2.4K
R10 7.2K
C2 20p Q9 Q10 R8 1000
Q11 R9 800 ANODE
Q8
QD2
SL01188
Figure 2. Equivalent schematic.
2002 Jan 22
3
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
25 C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) PARAMETER Reference input voltage Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range2 Ratio of change in g reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range2 Minimum cathode current for regulation Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance3 TEST CKT Fig. 3 Fig. 3 TEST CONDITIONS MIN VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA; Tamb = full range1 VKA = 10 V - VREF Fig. Fig 4 IK = 10 mA VKA = 36 V - 10 V 2470 TL431AC TYP 2495 4 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2520 15 -2.7 -2 4 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 TL431C/LM431AC MIN 2440 TYP 2495 4 -1.4 -1 2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2550 17 -2.7 mV/V -2 4 1.2 1 1 0.5 A A mA A mV mV UNIT
DV REF DV KA IREF IREF(dev) IMIN IOFF | ZKA |
Fig. 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 5 Fig. 3
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , Tamb = full range1 VKA = VREF VKA = 36 V, VREF = 0 VKA = VREF, IK = 1 mA to 100 mA; f 1 kHz
25 C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF VREF(dev) PARAMETER Reference input voltage Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range2 Ratio of change in reference input voltage to g the change in cathode voltage Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range2 Minimum cathode current for regulation Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance3 TEST CKT Fig. 3 Fig. 3 TEST CONDITIONS MIN VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA VKA = VREF, IK = 10 mA, Tamb = full range1 VKA = 10 V - VREF Fig 4 Fig. IK = 10 mA VKA = 36 V - 10 V 2470 TL431AI TYP 2495 5 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2520 25 -2.7 -2 4 2.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 MIN 2440 TL431I TYP 2495 5 -1.4 -1 2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 MAX 2550 30 -2.7 mV/V -2 4 2.5 1 1 0.5 A A A A mV mV UNIT
DV REF DV KA IREF IREF(dev) IMIN IOFF | ZKA |
Fig. 4 Fig. 4 Fig. 3 Fig. 5
IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 k, R2 = , Tamb = full range1 VKA = VREF VKA = 36 V, VREF = 0
VKA = VREF, IK = 1 mA to 100 mA, Fig. 3 f 1 kHz
NOTES: 1. Full temperature range is -40 C to +85 C for the TL431I and TL431AI, and 0 C to +70 C for the TL431C and TL431AC. 2. The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and IREF(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated termperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, VREF, is defined as:
V REF(dev) V REF at 25 oC
| aV REF |
ppm deg C
@ 10 6
Max VREF VREF(dev) Min VREF Tamb
+
DT amb
where Tamb is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.
2002 Jan 22
4
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
VREF can be positive or negative depending on whether minimum VREF of maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: Max VREF = 2496 mV at 30 C, Min VREF = 2492 mV at 0 C, VREF = 2495 mV at 25 C, DTA = 70 C for TL431C. | aV REF | +
4mV @ 2495mV 70 oC
10 6
+ 23ppm oC
Because minimum VREF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. 3. The dynamic impedance is defined as: | Z | + DV KA KA DI K When the device is operating with two external resistors, (see Figure 4), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: | Z | + DV [ | Z KA | 1 ) R1 R2 DI
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
INPUT IK VKA INPUT Ioff VKA
Vref
SL01177
SL01179
Figure 3. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref
Figure 5. Test Circuit for IOFF
INPUT IK Iref
VKA
R1
R2
Vref
V
KA
+V
ref
1)
R1 )I ref R2
R1
SL01178
Figure 4. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref
2002 Jan 22
5
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
V ref - REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE - (mV)
2600 2580 2560 2540 2520 2500 2480 2460 2440 2420 2400 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Vref = 2440mV Vref = 2495mV Vref = 2550mV Iref - REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT - ( A) VKA = Vref IK = 10mA
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -75 R1 = 10k R2 = IK = 10mA
-50
Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
-25 0 25 50 75 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
100
125
SL01170
SL01168
Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage vs. Temperature
Figure 9. Reference Input Current vs. Temperature
150 125 CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 100 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V) VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C
Ioff - OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT - (nA)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 VKA = 36V Vref = 0V
Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
SL01171
SL01169
Figure 7. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Figure 10. Off-State Cathode Current vs. Temperature
800 I K - CATHODE CURRENT - (A) VKA = Vref Tamb = 25C 600 d(Vref)/d(Vka) - (mV/V) Imin 400
0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 VKA = 3V TO 36V
200
0
-200 -1 0 1 2 3 VKA - CATHODE VOLTAGE - (V)
-1 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tamb - TEMPERATURE - (C)
SL01172
SL01173
Figure 8. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Figure 11. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage over Temperature
2002 Jan 22
6
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
4 3 Vn - INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE - V 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
0
1
2
3
4 5 6 t - TIME - (SECONDS)
7
8
9
10
Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-Second Period
19.1V 1k
500F
910 2000F VCC 1F 820 TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV 16k 16 160k 1F 0.1F 33k 33k 1M CRO 16k TLE2027 AV = 2V/V
VCC
TL431 (DUT)
22F
VEE
VEE
Test Circuit Figure 12.
SL01174
400 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C 350 Vn - NOISE VOLTAGE - nV/ Hz
300
250
200
150
100 10
100
1K f-FREQUENCY-Hz
10K
100K
SL01180
Figure 13. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs. Frequency
2002 Jan 22
7
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
7 INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 t - TIME - s 4 5 6 7 GND PULSE GENERATOR f = 100kHz 220 OUTPUT
50
Test Circuit
Pulse Response Figure 14. Pulse Response
SL01182
100 90 80 IK - CATHODE CURRENT - (mA) 70 STABLE 60 A 50 A 40 30 20 10 0 0.001 D 0.01 C UNSTABLE VKA < 15V UNSTABLE VKA 0.1 CL - LOAD CAPACITANCE - (F) 1 10 CL R2 R1 = 10k UNSTABLE VKA < 10 STABLE Tamb = 25C A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5V C VKA = 10V D VKA = 15V UNSTABLE VKA < 5 B IK CL
150
VBATT
Test Circuit for Curve A
IK
150
VBATT
Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D
SL01176
Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions
2002 Jan 22
8
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
100 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C
1k |ZKA| - REFERENCE IMPEDANCE - OUTPUT 10 IK 50
GND 1
Test Circuit for Reference Impedance
0.1 1K 10K 100K f - FREQUENCY - Hz 1M 10M
SL01175
Figure 16. Reference Impedance vs. Frequency
70 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25C 60 Av - VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION - dB
50 15k 40 9F
OUTPUT IK 230
30
8.25k GND
20
Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification
10
0 1K
10K
100K FREQUENCY IN Hz
1M
10M
SL01181
Figure 17. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency
2002 Jan 22
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
V+ R1 VOUT V+ R1 VOUT
R2 R2
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2
SL01183
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 VOUT Min = Vref + Vbe Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator
SL01186
Figure 18. Shunt Regulator
V+ RCL V+ IOUT
VOUT VIN
VIN < Vref > Vref
VTH = Vref
VOUT V+ 2.0V
SL01184
I OUT +
V ref R CL
SL01187
Figure 19. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold
Figure 22. Constant Current Source
V+ R1
VOUT
V+
ISINK
I SINK +
R2 RS
V ref RS
V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2
SL01185 SL01189
Figure 20. High Current Shunt Regulator
Figure 23. Constant Current Sink
2002 Jan 22
10
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
SO8: plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3.9 mm
SOT96-1
2002 Jan 22
11
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
DIP8: plastic dual in-line package; 8 leads (300 mil)
SOT97-1
2002 Jan 22
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
SO5: plastic small outline package; 5 leads; body width 1.6 mm
SOT680-1
2002 Jan 22
13
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
Adjustable precision shunt regulators
TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC
Data sheet status
Data sheet status [1] Objective data Preliminary data Product status [2] Development Qualification Definitions This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice. This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A.
Product data
Production
[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. [2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Definitions
Short-form specification -- The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition -- Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.
Disclaimers
Life support -- These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes -- Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.
Contact information
For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Fax: +31 40 27 24825
(c) Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Date of release: 01-02
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Document order number:
9397 750 09375
Philips Semiconductors
2002 Jan 22 14

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