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MITSUBISHI
1. Description
PRELIMINARY
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
M64282FP is a 128 x 128 pixel CMOS image sensor with built-in image processing and analog image output tuning functions. This device can detect an image and process the image simultaneously as human retinas can. M64282FP can achieve smaller system size, lower power consumption, and more intelligent image processing functions.
PIN CONFIGURATION (TOP VIEW)
RESET READ TSW PGND PVDD VOUT AVDD AGND Xck Xrst LOAD DGND DVDD SIN NC START
Outline : 16C 9-B
2. Features
l l l l l Single 5.0V supply Low power dissipation ( Typ. 15 mW ) Positive and negative image output Edge enhancement / extraction Output level & gain tuning Image input device, Gaming, Human interface for PC, etc.
3. Application 4. Block Diagram
AGND AVDD
VOUT
PVDD
PGND
TSW
READ
RESET
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Level Control
Gain Control
Edge Control Pixel Array 128 x 128
LOGIC
1
START
2
NC
3
SIN
4
DVDD
5
DGND
6
LOAD
7
Xrst
8
Xck
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
5. Pin Configuration
9
8
16
1
Pin No. Symbol 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 START NC1 SIN DVDD DGND LOAD Xrst Xck
Function Start Input Image sensing start. Pulled down internally by 10k ohm. Non Connect Data Input Parameter input. Pulled down internally by 10k ohm. Digital Power Supply Power for logic circuits. Must be connected to 5.0 V digital supply. Digital GND Data Set Input System Reset System Clock Input Ground for logic parts. Parameter set enable. Pulled down internally by 10k ohm. System reset terminal. Pulled up internally by 10k ohm. Low active. Clock input for MUX. Pulled down internally by 10k ohm.
RESET Memory Reset Input Parameter register reset. Pulled up internally by 10k ohm. Low active READ TSW AGND1 Read Image Reserved Analog GND Read image signal. NOTE: Don't connect to this pin. Ground for analog circuits. Must be connected to 5.0 V analog supply. Vout Signal Output Analog image signal output in voltage. Must be connected to 5.0 V analog supply. AVDD2 Analog Power Supply Power for analog circuits.
AVDD1 Analog Power Supply Power for analog circuits.
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16 AGND2
PRELIMINARY
Analog GND
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Ground for analog circuits.
6. Image Sensing Specifications 1
Item 1 2 Resolution Optical System Specification 128 x 123 1/4 inch
7. Image Sensing Specifications 2
Item 1 2 3 4 5 Detectable Illumination Range (Faceplate) Exposure Time Range System Clock (Xck) Frame Rate Output Voltage Range (Vout) * Under Halogen Light Valve Illumination Specification 1lx ~ 10000lx* 16 sec ~ 1sec 500KHz 10 fps ~ 30 fps 2.0Vp-p
8. Electrical Specifications - Absolute Maximum Ratings
Limits Min. DVDD AVDD Digital Power Supply Voltage Analog Power Supply Voltage 4.5 4.5 Typ. 5.0 5.0 Max. 5.5 5.5 V V
Symbol
Parameter
Unit
9. Electrical specifications - DC Specifications
Limits Min. VOH VOL VIH VIL "H" Output Voltage (READ) "L" Output Voltage (READ) "H" Input Voltage "L" Input Voltage 4.5 0.0 2.2 0.0 Typ. Max. DVDD 0.5 DVDD 0.8 V V V V
Symbol
Parameter
Unit
10. AC Timing Requirements
See the waveforms on page 5 and 6.
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Symbol tcr tWHX tWLX tr tf tSS tHS tSL tHL tWHL tSXR tHXR tSR tHR
Parameter Min Xck cycle time Xck high pulse width Xck low pulse width Xck rise time Xck fall time SIN setup time SIN hold time LOAD setup time LOAD hold time LOAD high pulse width Xrst setup time Xrst hold time RESET setup time RESET hold time 2 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Limits Typ. Max 0.2 0.2 tWLX-0.4 -
Units s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
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(A) Xck, SIN Timing
PRELIMINARY
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
tcr
Xck
75% 25% tr tWHX tf tWLX
SIN
tSS
tHS
(B) Xck, LOAD Timing
Xck
tWHL
LOAD
tSL
tHL
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
(C) Xck, Xrst, RESET Timing
Xck
Xrst
tSXR
tHXR
RESET
tSR
tHR
(D) Xck, START Timing
Xck
START
tSST
tHST
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11. Operation
PRELIMINARY
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Reset
Exposure Time Setup
Image Sensing Mode Setup
Parameter Setup
Start Sensing
Data Output
END
Fig. 11-1 Operation Flow Chart
Figure 11-1 shows the image sensing sequence. First of all, all the registers must be reset and must be initialized to the appropriate values. The reset sequence completes when both Xrst and RESET signals are set low. There are 8 sets of registers, each of
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
which consists of 8 bits of data. Each input data consists of 11 bits; of these 11 bits, the first 3 bits are the address and the last 8 bits are the data. The input data is latched at the rising edge of Xck when LOAD signal is high, and the data of a register become valid at the falling edge of Xck. After all register are set, START signal must be asserted. Then, image sensing sequence starts at the rising edge of Xck. Image sensing sequence consists of two different processes: the exposing process to adjust the light intensity and the image read process to put out the image data after converting optical signal into electrical signal. After the exposure time defined by the registers 2 and 3 has passed, analog image data (total 16k pixels) is read out. To read image signal, READ signal must be asserted. At this moment, it becomes possible to change the registers, because the registers are irrelevant to the image read sequence. Once image sensing sequence starts, the chip will continue to put out image data until it is reset. 11.1. Parameter Register Assignments Symbol N VH E Z Bit Assignment 1 bit 2 bits 4 bits 2 bits Operation Exclusively set edge enhancement mode Select vertical - horizontal edge operation mode Edge enhancement ratio Zero point calibration ( Set the dark level output signal to Vref ) I C0, C1 O V G P, M, X 1 bit 8 bits x 2 6 bits 3 bits 5 bits 8 bits x 3 Select inverted/non-inverted output Exposure time Output reference voltage ( In both plus and minus direction ) Output node bias voltage (Vref) Analog output gain 1-D filtering kernel.
11.2. Image Acquisition Modes (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) 11.3 Positive Image Negative Image 1 Negative Image 2 Edge Extraction (V, H, 2-D) Edge Extraction (1-D) Edge Enhancement Offset Level Output Register Assignment Set "P" register Set "I" register Set "M" register (optional) Set "N" and "VH" register Set "P" and "M" register (optional) Set "N", "VH" and "E" register Set "0" to both "C0" and "C1"
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Reg. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
PRELIMINARY
7 N C17 C07 P7 M7 X7 E3 Z1 6 VH1 C16 C06 P6 M6 X6 E2 Z0 5 VH0 C15 C05 P5 M5 X5 E1 O5 4
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Address 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000
3 G3 C13 C03 P3 M3 X3 I O3
2 G2 C12 C02 P2 M2 X2 V2 O2
1 G1 C11 C01 P1 M1 X1 V1 O1
0 G0 C10 C00 P0 M0 X0 V0 O0
G4 C14 C04 P4 M4 X4 E0 O4
11.4. Data LOAD sequence
Xck SIN A2 LOAD A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
3 bit address
8 bit data
11.5. About the image processing functions Artificial retina chip can put out positive, negative, edge extracted, and edge enhanced image in accordance with the parameter register settings. On-chip image processing is done with the 3 x 3 neighboring pixels. This chip executes subtraction between the central pixel P and the four neighboring pixels MN, MS, MW, and ME(see the right figure) to realize edge extraction as shown below: vertical edge (V edge), horizontal edge (H edge), and 2 dimensional edge (2-D edge). Moreover, this chip can program the weight value of the central pixel P and the other four pixels to produce edge enhanced images.
MN MW P MS
Four connected neighboring pixels
ME
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Positive
V edge
H edge
2-D edge Output Signal Effective Pixels 128(H) x 121(V) 128(H) x 123(V) 128(H) x 123(V) 128(H) x 121(V) 128(H) x 121(V) 128(H) x 123(V) 128(H) x 121(V)
Edge Modes V-Edge Extraction H-Edge Extraction 2D-Edge Extraction V-Edge Enhancement H-Edge Enhancement 2D-Edge Enhancement
{2P - (MN+MS)} x P-MS {2P - (MW+ME)} x {4P - (MN+MS+ME+MW)} x P + {2P - (MN+MS)} x P + {2P - (MW+ME)} x P + {4P - (MN+MS+ ME+ MW)} x
is the edge enhancement ratio set by "E" register. P and M indicate the signal value from each pixel. 11.6. Register Descriptions 11.6.1. "N" register (1 bit) If the "N" register is set, P and M registers (see 11.6.11.) are exclusively set to a specific vertical edge extraction / enhancement mode. In the case of "H", for example, P register is set to 02 (HEX), and M register is set to 05 (HEX). If "N" register is set, access to P and M registers is always ignored. 11.6.2. "VH" register (2 bits) The "VH" register selects vertical, horizontal, and 2-dimensional edge extraction/enhancement operation. Register Setting VH1 0 0 VH0 0 1 No edge operation Horizontal edge mode Edge Mode
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1 1 0 1
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Vertical edge mode 2-D edge mode
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
11.6.3. "E" register (4 bits) The "E" register sets the edge enhancement ratio . The most significant bit E3 specifies edge enhancement mode or edge extraction mode: "H" for edge extraction mode and "L" for edge enhancement mode. (In the case of normal image sensing operation, E3 should be set low) The ratio is set as follows. 100 % means the same level as the P signal, which is the signal of the central pixel in the 3x3 processing kernel. Register Setting E2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 E1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 E0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 50 % 75 % 100 % 125 % 200 % 300 % 400 % 500 % Edge Enhancement Ratio
11.6.4. "Z" Register (2 bits) It calibrates the zero value by setting the dark level output signal to Vref. Register Setting Z1 0 1 0 Z0 0 0 1 No calibration Calibration for positive signal Calibration for negative signal Calibration
11.6.5. "I" register (1 bit) If the "I" register is set to "H", the output signal is inverted. if it is set to "L", the signal is not inverted. 11.6.6. "C0 & C1" register (8 bits x 2) Both C0 and C1 registers determine Exposure time; the sum of the value of C0 register
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
and that of C1 register determines the actual exposure time. The offset level of image output can be obtained by setting both of C0 and C1 registers to 00 (the minimum exposure time). In this case, all pixels are read out as black level (optical black). The signal output format is the same as that of the normal output image. (Synchronized with the READ signal.) "C0" register (8 bits) Register Setting 00 (HEX) FF (HEX) Exposure time (msec) 0 4.080
Step width Step number "C1" register (8 bits) Register Setting 00 (HEX) FF (HEX)
16 sec 256
Exposure time (msec) 0 1044.5
Step width Step number
4.096 msec 256
Notice: In the case of vertical edge extraction / enhancement mode, the exposure time should be greater than 0.768 msec. 11.6.7. "O" register (6 bits) The "O" register adjusts the offset level of the signal voltage. The most significant bit O5 is the sign bit: "H" for plus direction, "L" for minus direction modulation. The offset is adjusted by 5 bit accuracy. The maximum absolute value of the offset level is 1V. ( In the case O5 is "H". ) Register Setting 20 (HEX) 3F (HEX) Step width Step number Offset voltage (V) 0 1 32mV 32
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(In the case O5 is "L") Register Setting 00 (HEX) 1F (HEX) Step width Step number
PRELIMINARY
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
Offset voltage (V) 0 -1 -32mV 32
11.6.8. "V" register ( 3 bits ) It sets the output node voltage Vref. Register Setting V2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 V1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 V0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Vref (V)
11.6.9. "G" register (5 bits) The "G" register sets the output gain of the image output signal. If the most significant bit G4 is "H", The total gain increases by 6dB. Register Setting G3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 G1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 G0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 14.0 15.5 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.5 23.0 Total Gain (dB) G4 1 20.0 21.5 23.0 24.5 26.0 27.5 29.0
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0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
PRELIMINARY
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 24.5 26.0 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 45.5 51.5
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
30.5 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 51.5 57.5
11.6.10. Typical register settings The following table shows the typical image acquisition modes and the register settings to each mode. Mode Posi. Inv. H Enh. H Enh. Inv. H Ext. H Ext. Inv. V Enh. V Enh. Inv. V Ext. V Ext. Inv. 2D Enh. 2D Enh. Inv. 2D Ext. 2D Ext. Inv. Z1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Z0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VH1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VH0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 P 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 X 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 E3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 I 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
11.6.11. P and M register settings for programmable 1-D filtering Both P and M registers specify 1-D filtering kernel consisting of +1, 0 and -1 weight values. The kernel is processed with the image pixels along vertical direction. The following table shows the typical image acquisition modes and the register settings. Some modes are the same as those of the table in 11.6.10. Moreover, "Negative" output in the table is the same as the "Inverted" output in the table in 11.6.10. V(PM) mode works similar to the filtering pattern of (+1, -1).
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Mode Posi. Neg. V (PM) V Enh. V Ext. 2D Enh. 2D Ext.
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Z1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 Z0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VH1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 VH0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
P 01 00 01 02 02 02 02
M 00 01 02 05 05 05 05
X 01 01 01 01 01 01 01
E3 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
I 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
12. Operation Timing (1) Chip Reset Reset timing of the chip. Reset timing is synchronized with the rising edge of Xck clock. (2) Data Input Settings of the exposure time, initial value of each scanner, Vref value, and gain value. Data (8 bits x 8) input timing is synchronized with the rising edge of Xck clock. (3) Image Data Output Image pixel data is serially read out synchronized with Xck clock. (1) Chip Reset
1 clock cycle
Xck
XRST
RESET
(2) Data Input
Xck
SIN
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
LOAD
Data 0 becomes valid
Data 7 becomes valid
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
(3) Image Data Output
Xck
S TART
Exposure Time
READ
Vout
(0,0) (1,0)(2,0) (3,0)
(127,0) (0,1)(1,1)
Start sensing 1st frame. (start exposre)
Start 1st frame image data output.
Xck
S TART
READ
Exposure Time
Vout
(124,127) (126,127) (127,127)
(125,127)
End sensing 1st frame.
Start sensing 2nd frame. (START signal is automatically generated inside the chip 5 clocks after the fall edge of READ. )
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Mitsubishi Integrated Circuit M64282FP Image Sensor (Artificial Retina LSI)
13. Outline dimension
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