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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER General Description
The AP3031 is an inductor-based DC/DC boost converter designed to drive LED arrays. 1.4A switching current allows AP3031 to be used in different 7' to 10' LCD panel backlights (3*13 LED arrays typically). A constant frequency 1MHz PWM control scheme is employed in this IC, which means tiny external components can be used. Specifically, 1mm tall 4.7H inductor and 0.47F output capacitor for the typical application is sufficient. The over output voltage protection is equipped in AP3031, which protects the IC under open load condition. The AP3031 includes UVLO, soft-start, current limit and OTSD to protect the circuit. The AP3031 is available in standard SOT-23-6, TSOT23-6 and SOIC-8 packages.
AP3031 Features
* * * * * * * * * * * Up to 92% Efficiency (VIN=9V, IOUT=260mA) Up to 84% Efficiency (VIN=5V, IOUT=260mA) Fast 1MHz Switching Frequency Wide Input Voltage Range: 2.7V to 16V Low 200mV Feedback Voltage Output Over Voltage Protection Cycle by Cycle Current Limit: 1.4A Built-in Soft-start Built-in Standby Mode to Achieve High Frequency PWM Dimming Built-in Thermal Shutdown Function Under Voltage Lockout
Applications
* * * * * 7' to 10' LCD Panels Digital Photo Frame GPS Receiver EPC PDVD
SOT-23-6
TSOT-23-6
SOIC-8
Figure 1. Package Types of AP3031
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BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Pin Configuration
K/KT Package (SOT-23-6/TSOT-23-6)
Pin 1 Dot by Marking
AP3031
M Package (SOIC-8)
SW GND FB
1 2 3
6 5 4
VIN OV CTRL
FB GND GND SW
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
CTRL OV GND VIN
Figure 2. Pin Configuration of AP3031 (Top View)
Pin Description
Pin Number 6-Pin 1 2 3 8-Pin 4 2, 3, 6 1 Pin Name SW GND FB Function Switch Pin. Connect external inductor and Schottky Ground Pin Voltage Feedback Pin. Reference voltage is 200mV Enable and Dimming Control Pin. Connect to a high input to enable the IC or a low input to disable the IC. If logic low time is more than about 0.7ms and then enable the IC, the AP3031 will soft start to protect system departments. If logic low time is less than about 0.7ms and then enable the IC, the AP3031 will hold on standby mode and start directly to achieve high frequency dimming Over-voltage Protection Input Pin. Connect to the output directly. On OVP condition, the output voltage will be clamped Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed
4
8
CTRL
5 6
7 5
OV VIN
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Functional Block Diagram
FB
3 (1)
SOFT START OV
AP3031
SW
1 (4) 5 (7)
OV
6 (5)
VIN
V REF 1 .25 V
200 mV
A1 A2
COMPARATOR
CONTROL LOGIC OVER TEMPERATURE DETECTOR
DRIVER
Q1
4 (8)
2 (2, 3, 6)
GND
CTRL
STANDBY To Control Logic
RAMP GENERATOR
1 MHz OSCILLATOR
A (B) A SOT-23-6/TSOT-23-6 B SOIC-8 Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram of AP3031
Ordering Information
AP3031 Circuit Type G1: Green Package K: SOT-23-6 KT: TSOT-23-6 M: SOIC-8
Package
SOT-23-6 TSOT-23-6 SOIC-8 -40 to 85oC
-
TR: Tape and Reel Blank: Tube
Temperature Range
Part Number
AP3031KTR-G1 AP3031KTTR-G1 AP3031M-G1 AP3031MTR-G1 GEC L1E
Marking ID
Packing Type
Tape & Reel Tape & Reel Tube Tape & Reel
3031M-G1 3031M-G1
BCD Semiconductor's Pb-free products, as designated with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green.
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Parameter Input Voltage SW Voltage FB Voltage CTRL Voltage Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient, No Heat Sink) Operating Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) ESD (Machine Model) ESD (Human Body Model) Symbol VIN VSW VFB VCTRL JA TJ TSTG TLEAD Value 20 38 20 20 SOT-23-6/TSOT-23-6 SOIC-8 150 -65 to 150 260 600 4000 265
oC/W
AP3031
Unit V V V V
120
oC oC o
C
V V
Note 1: Stresses greater than those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "Recommended Operating Conditions" is not implied. Exposure to "Absolute Maximum Ratings" for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter Operating Temperature Range Input Voltage CTRL Voltage Symbol TOP VIN VCTRL Min -40 2.7 Max 85 16 16 Unit
o
C
V V
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Electrical Characteristics
(VIN=5.0V, VCTRL =5.0V, TA=25oC, unless otherwise specified.)
Parameter Operating Voltage Feedback Voltage (Note 2) FB Pin Bias Current Quiescent Current Shutdown Quiescent Current Switching Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle Switch Current Limit (Note 3) Switch VCE Saturation Voltage Switch Leakage Current CTRL Pin Voltage CTRL Pin Bias Current OVP Voltage Soft-start Time Standby Time Thermal Shutdown Thermal Resistance (Junction to Case) VCTRL ICTRL VOVP tSS tSTB TOTSD JC Symbol VIN VFB IFB IQ ISHDN f DMAX ILIMIT VCESAT D=60% ISW=0.6A VSW=16V Active high Active low 35 60 17 250 0.7 155 60 1.8 0.5 85 A V s ms
oC oC/W
AP3031
Conditions
Min 2.7
Typ
Max 16
Unit V mV nA mA A MHz % A mV
IOUT=20mA, 3 LEDs, TA=-40oC to 85oC
188
200 35
212 100 5.0 80 1.3
VFB=VIN, no switching VCTRL=0V
3.0 20 0.75 90 1.2
4.0 50 1 93 1.4 300 0.01
5
A V
Note 2: The bold type specifications of full temperature range are guaranteed by design (GBD). Note 3: The switch current limit is related to duty cycle. Please refer to Figure 15 for detail.
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics
(WLED forward voltage (VF)=3.2V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.)
AP3031
90 85 80
95 90 85
Efficiency (%)
70 65 60 55 50 45 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Efficiency (%)
75
80 75 70 65
VIN=5V, VOUT=10V, TA=25 C CIN=10F, COUT=0.47F, L=4.7H
o
60 55 50 3.5
VOUT=10V, IOUT=260mA,TA=25 C CIN=10F, COUT=0.47F, L=4.7H
o
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
Output Current (mA)
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 4. Efficiency vs. Output Current
Figure 5. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage
2.70
4.7 4.6
Minimum Operating Voltage (V)
2.65
Quiescent Current (mA)
2.60 2.55 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 -60
4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7
TA= -40 C TA= 25 C TA= 85 C
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
o o
o
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
140
Temperature ( C)
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 6. Minimum Operating Voltage vs. Temperature
Figure 7. Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
(WLED forward voltage (VF)=3.2V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.)
AP3031
85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
o o
2.0 1.8
Shutdown Quiescent Current (A)
CTRL Pin Voltage (V)
1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 -60
TA= -40 C TA= 25 C TA= 85 C
o
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
140
Input Voltage (V)
Temperature ( C)
Figure 8. Shutdown Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
Figure 9. CTRL Pin Voltage vs. Temperature
220 200
212 210 208
Feedback Voltage (mV)
180
CTRL Pin Current (A)
206 204 202 200 198 196 194 192 190
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
IOUT= 20mA
188 -60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
140
CTRL Pin Voltage (V)
Temperature ( C)
Figure 10. CTRL Pin Current vs. CTRL Pin Voltage
Figure 11. Feedback Voltage vs. Temperature
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
(WLED forward voltage (VF)=3.2V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.)
AP3031
1.4 1.3 1.2
20
19
Frequency (MHz)
OVP Voltage (V)
18
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8
17
16
15 0.7 0.6 -60 14 -60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
140
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
o
80
100
120
140
Temperature ( C)
Temperature ( C)
Figure 12. Frequency vs. Temperature
Figure 13. OVP Voltage vs. Temperature
1.20 1.15
2.0 1.9
TA=-40 C TA=25 C TA=85 C
o o
o
Switch Current Limit (A)
1.10
1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 10
Frequency (MHz)
1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Input Voltage (V)
Duty Cycle (%)
Figure 14. Frequency vs. Input Voltage
Figure 15. Switch Current Limit vs. Duty Cycle
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
(WLED forward voltage (VF)=3.2V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.)
AP3031
650 600
80 75 70
Switch Saturation Voltage (mV)
550
Case Temperature ( C)
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
o
65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30
TA=-40 C TA=25 C TA=85 C
0.9 1.0 1.1
o o
o
VIN=5V, VOUT=10V, TA=25 C CIN=10F, COUT=0.47F, L=4.7H
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
o
Switch Current (A)
Output Current (mA)
Figure 16. Switch Saturation Voltage vs. Switch Current
Figure 17. Case Temperature vs. Output Current
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Application Information
Operation
The AP3031 is a boost DC-DC converter which uses a constant frequency, current mode control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. Operation can be best understood by referring to Figure 3 and Figure 24. At the start of each oscillator cycle, switch Q1 turns on. The switch current will increase linearly. The voltage on sense resistor is proportional to the switch current. The output of the current sense amplifier is added to a stabilizing ramp and the result is fed into the noninversion input of the PWM comparator A2. When this voltage exceeds the output voltage level of the error amplifier A1, the switch is turned off.
AP3031
Soft Start
The AP3031 has an internal soft start circuit to limit the inrush current during startup. If logic low time on CTRL pin is more than about 0.7ms and then enable the IC, the AP3031 will start smoothly to protect the supplier. The time of startup is controlled by internal soft-start capacitor. Details please refer to Figure 18.
>0.7ms
It is clear that the voltage level at inversion input of A2 sets the peak current level to keep the output in regulation. This voltage level is the output signal of error amplifier A1, and is the amplified signal of the voltage difference between feedback voltage and reference voltage of 200mV. So, a constant output current can be provided by this operation mode.
Figure 18. Soft-start Waveform VIN=5V, 3x13 LEDs, ILED=260mA
Standby and Dimming
To avoid audio noise and achieve high frequency dimming, AP3031 is equipped with standby function. If logic low time on CTRL pin is less than about 0.7ms and then enable the IC, the AP3031 will hold on standby mode and start directly to achieve high frequency dimming. Details please refer to Figure 19.
<0.7ms
LED Current Control
Refer to Figure 24, the LED current is controlled by the feedback resistor RISET. LEDs' current accuracy is determined by the feedback voltage and resistor RISET, so the precise resistors are preferred. The resistance of RISET is in inverse proportion to the LED current since the feedback reference is fixed at 200mV. The relation for RISET and LED current (ILED)can be expressed as below:
R ISET =
200mV I LED
Over Voltage Protection
The AP3031 has an internal open load protection circuit. When the LEDs are disconnected from circuit or fail open, the output voltage is clamped at about 17V. The AP3031 will switch at a low frequency, and minimize current to avoid input voltage drop.
Figure 19. Standby Waveform
Two typical types of dimming control circuit are present as below. First, controlling CTRL Pin voltage to change operation state is a good choice. Second,
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Application Information (Continued)
changing the feedback voltage to get appropriate duty and luminous intensity is also useful. (1) Adding a Control Signal to CTRL Pin Adding a PWM signal to CTRL pin directly, the AP3031 is turned on and off by this signal. When the PWM frequency is lower than 1kHz(Typ.), the IC works in the soft-start mode to dimming the light. On contrary, when the PWM frequency is higher than 1kHz(Typ.), the IC works in the standby mode: the converter ceaselessly switches off and directly starts to achieve light dimming. This standby function allows AP3031 to support high frequency dimming (up to 25kHz or higher) to avoid audio noise. More details please refer to Figure 20 and Figure 21.
AP3031
Comparing with all kinds of PWM signal control, this method features a stable output voltage and LEDs current. Please refer to Figure 22.
AP3031
FB VDC
R3 R2 R1
Effective Feedback Voltage
Figure 22. Dimming Control Using DC Voltage
AP3031
CTRL
Second, using a filtered PWM signal can do it. The filtered PWM signal can be considered as a varying and adjustable DC voltage, please refer to Figure 23.
Figure 20. Dimming Control Using a PWM Signal in CTRL Pin
PWM
R4 C
AP3031
FB
R3 R2
Effective Feedback Voltage
R1
Figure 23. Dimming Control Using Filtered PWM Voltage
Figure 21. High Frequency (25kHz) Dimming Waveform
(2) Changing the Effective Feedback Voltage There are two popular methods to change the effective feedback voltage. First, adding a constant DC voltage through a resistor divider to FB pin can control the dimming. Changing the DC voltage or resistor between the FB Pin and the DC voltage can get appropriate luminous intensity. Apr. 2009 Rev. 1. 3 11 BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Typical Application AP3031
VIN 5V CIN 10F On/Off
L 4.7H
D
VOUT
VIN
SW OV
CTRL
AP3031
GND FB
COUT 0.47F
3*13
R ISET
Figure 24. Typical Application of AP3031 (3x13 WLEDs)
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BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Mechanical Dimensions SOT-23-6 Unit: mm(inch) AP3031
2.820(0.111) 3.020(0.119) 0.300(0.012) 0.400(0.016) 0.300(0.012) 0.600(0.024)
0 8 0.200(0.008)
6 2.650(0.104) 2.950(0.116)
5
4
Pin 1 Dot by Marking
1
2
3
0.700(0.028)REF
0.950(0.037)TYP 1.800(0.071) 2.000(0.079) 0.000(0.000) 0.100(0.004) 0.100(0.004) 0.200(0.008)
1.050(0.041) 1.050(0.041) 1.150(0.045) 1.250(0.049)
Apr. 2009 Rev. 1. 3 13
1.500(0.059) 1.700(0.067)
BCD Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited
Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Mechanical Dimensions (Continued) TSOT-23-6 Unit: mm(inch) AP3031
2.800(0.110) 3.000(0.118)
R0.100(0.004) MIN
0 8
1.500(0.059) 1.700(0.067)
Pin 1 Dot by Marking
2.600(0.102) 3.000(0.118)
0.370(0.015) MIN
0.950(0.037) BSC 1.900(0.075) BSC GAUGE PLANE
0.100(0.004) 0.250(0.010)
0.250(0.010) BSC
0.700(0.028) 0.900(0.035)
1.000(0.039) MAX
0.000(0.000) 0.100(0.004) 0.350(0.014) 0.510(0.020)
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Data Sheet WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Mechanical Dimensions (Continued) SOIC-8 Unit: mm(inch) AP3031
7
4.700(0.185) 5.100(0.201)
1.350(0.053) 1.750(0.069)
0.320(0.013)
8
7
8
0.675(0.027) 0.725(0.029)
D
5.800(0.228) 6.200(0.244)
D 20:1
1.270(0.050) TYP
0.100(0.004) 0.300(0.012) R0.150(0.006)
0.800(0.031) 0.200(0.008)
1.000(0.039) 3.800(0.150) 4.000(0.157)
0 8
0.330(0.013) 0.510(0.020)
0.190(0.007) 0.250(0.010) 0.900(0.035)
1 5
R0.150(0.006)
0.450(0.017) 0.800(0.031)
Note: Eject hole, oriented hole and mold mark is optional.
Apr. 2009 Rev. 1. 3 15
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