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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Technical Data
MC44BC374T1/D Rev. 1.2 07/2002 MC44BC374T1 PLL Tuned PAL/NTSC UHF and VHF Audio/ Video High Integration Modulator IC
MC44BC374T1
SO16NB Package
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Ordering Information
Device MC44BC374T1D, R2 Temp Range -20C to +85C Package SO16NB
NOTE: For tape and reel, add R2 suffix.
Contents List
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Device Overview . . . . . . 3 Maximum Ratings . . . . . 4 Thermal Rating . . . . . . . 4 Electrostatic Discharge 4 Electrical Characteristics 5 7 I2C Bit Mapping . . . . . . . 5 8 I2C Programming . . . . . 6 9 Modulator High Frequency Characteristics 8 10 Video Characteristics . . 9 11 Audio Characteristics . 10 12 Characterization Measurement Conditions 11 13 Modulator Operation . 16 14 High Speed I2C Compatible Bus 19 15 Pin Circuit Schematics 22 16 Application and Case Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1 2 3 4 5 6
This modulator circuit is for use in VCRs, set-top boxes, and similar devices. Figure 1 shows the pin connections.
SCL SDA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
GNDD VCCD PLLFLT TVOVCC TVOUT GND VCCA VIDEO
STBY XTAL
GND PREEM AUDIO SPLFLT
Figure 1. Pin Connection Diagram
This document contains information on a product under development.Freescale reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice. (c) Motorola, Inc., 2002. All rights reserved.
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Features
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1 Features
The channel is set by an on-chip high-speed I2C compatible bus receiver. A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) tunes the modulator over the full UHF range. The modulator incorporates a sound subcarrier oscillator and uses a second PLL to derive 4.5, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5MHz subcarrier frequencies. These frequencies are selectable using the bus. The modulation standard is set to System B/G. The picture-to-sound ratio is adjusted using the bus. In addition, an on-chip video test pattern generator can be turned ON with a 1KHz audio test signal. Compared with the MC44BC374C, this modulator has one IIC programming difference, a hardware standby mode in addition to the software standby mode, and no logic output port. Compared with the MC44BC374T, this modulator has a different start-up channel. The MC44BC374T1 also has the following features: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * No external varicaps diodes/inductor or tuned components Channel 21-69 UHF operation VHF range possible by internal dividers (30MHz-450MHz) Integrated on-chip programmable UHF oscillator Extremely low external components count High speed I2C-bus compatible (800kHz) Fixed video modulation depth (80%) Peak White Clip disabled via the bus Programmable picture/sound carrier ratio (12dB and 16dB) Integrated on-chip programmable sound subcarrier oscillator (4.5MHz to 6.5MHz)--No external varicaps On-chip video test pattern generator with sound test signal (1kHz) Low-power modulator standby mode programmable by I2C bus or switchable by STBY pin voltage Transient output inhibit during PLL Lock-up at power-ON Start-up on channel `71' (871.25 MHz) Extremely robust ESD protection, minimum 4kV, typical 6kV
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Device Overview
2 Device Overview
Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of the MC44BC374T1device. The MC44BC374T1 device has three main sections: 1. A high speed I2C-compatible bus section 2. A PLL section to synthesize the UHF/VHF output channel frequency (from an integrated UHF oscillator, divided for VHF output) 3. A modulator section, which accepts audio and video inputs, then uses them to modulates the UHF/VHF carrier An on-chip video test pattern generator with an audio test signal is included. The MC44BC374T1 is designed to operate as a B/G standard modulator. High frequency BiCMOS technology allows integration of the UHF tank circuit and certain filtering functions.
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STBY 3 Peak White Clip
VIDEO 9
SPLLFLT 8 MODULATOR SECTION
I2C BUS Video Modulator TVOVCC 13 12 I2C BUS TVOUT I2C BUS LPF
Clamp 31.25 kHz Sound PFD Sound Oscillator and FM Modulator
7 AUDIO Audio Amplifier 6 PREEM
75
LPF
Prog Divider
LPF
ALC 10 VCCA
FM Sound Modulator
11 GND 5 GND
BUS SECTION I2C BUS
VHF Dividers UHF OSC Prescaler/8 I2C BUS PLL
VCO and PLL SECTION
SCL 1 SDA 2
High Speed I2C Bus Receiver
Prog Divider
Phase Comp
Ref Divider /128
4MHz XCO
31.25KHz 14 PLLFLT 4 XTAL
15 VCCD
16 GNDD
Figure 2. MC44BC374T1 Simplified Block Diagram
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Maximum Ratings
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3 Maximum Ratings
Sym Vcc Tamin Tamax Supply voltage Minimum operating ambient temperature Maximum operating ambient temperature Parameter Value Unit 6 -20 85 -65 150 150 V
o
This device contains protection circuitry to guard against damage due to high static voltage or electric fields. However, precautions must be taken to avoid applications of any voltage higher than maximum rated voltages to this high impedance circuit. For proper operation, input and output voltages should be constrained to the ranges indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions.
C
oC oC o
Tstgmin Minimum storage temperature Tstgmax Maximum storage temperature Tj Junction Temperature
C
C
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. For functional operation, values should be restricted to the Recommended Operating Condition. Meets Moisture Sensitivity Level 1, no dry pack required
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4 Thermal Rating
Sym Rthja Parameter Thermal resistance from Junction to Ambient Value 140 Unit C/W
5 Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) tests are done on all pins.
Sym
ESD ESD
Parameter MM (Machine Model) - MIL STD 883C method 3015-7 HBM (Human Body Model) - MIL STD 883C method 3015-7
Min 200 4000
Typ 500 6000
Unit V V
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Electrical Characteristics
6 Electrical Characteristics
* * * * A = 100% Tested B = 100% Correlation tested C = Characterized on samples D = Design parameter
6.1 Specification Conditions
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale. RF output into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter Min 4.5 44 3 3 7 0.7 60 1 -- -- Typ 5.0 52 6 4.7 10 1 100 -- -- -- Max 5.5 60 9 6.5 12 1.5 150 -- 1 -10 Unit V mA mA S A A A K A A All sections active Bus Section active Notes Type B A A B A A A D A A
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Operating supply voltage range Total supply current Total standby mode supply current Test pattern sync pulse width Sound comparator charge pump current During locking When locked RF comparator charge pump current Crystal oscillator stability--negative resistance STBY pin DC current Force 5V to STBY pin Force 0V to STBY pin
7 I2C Bit Mapping
WRITE MODE CA--CHIP ADDRESS C1--High Order Bits C0--Low Order Bits FM--High Order Bits FL--Low Order Bits Bit Name PWC OSC ATT SFD0, 1 SO PS TPEN X5...X0 N0...N11 Peak White Clip enable/disable UHF oscillator ON/OFF Modulator output attenuated--sound and video modulators ON/OFF Sound subcarrier frequency control bits Sound Oscillator ON/OFF Picture-to-sound carrier ratio Test pattern enable--picture and sound Test mode bits--All bits are 0 for normal operation (see Test Mode tables, page 6 & page 7) except "OSC" bit (normal mode is "1") UHF frequency programming bits, in steps of 250kHz Bit 7 1 1 PWC 0 N5 Bit 6 1 0 OSC TPEN N4 Bit 5 0 SO ATT N11 N3 Bit 4 0 0 SFD1 N10 N2 Description Bit 3 1 PS SFD0 N9 N1 Bit 2 0 X3 0 N8 N0 Bit 1 1 X2 X5 N7 X1 Bit 0 0 0 X4 N6 X0 ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK
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I2C Programming
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8 I2C Programming
Sound
SFD1 0 0 1 1 PS 0 1 SFD0 0 1 0 1 Sound Subcarrier Freq (MHz) 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 Picture-to-Sound Ratio (dB) 12 16 1 Sound Oscillator Sound oscillator ON (Normal mode) Sound oscillation disabled (oscillator and PLL PWC 0 Combination of 3-bits Modulator standby mode. 1 Peak White Clip Peak White Clip ON Peak White Clip OFF
UHF
OSC 1 0 ATT 0
UHF Oscillator Normal operation UHF oscillator disabled (oscillator and PLL sections bias turned OFF) Modular Output Attenuation Normal operation Modulator output attenuation (sound and video modulators sections bias turned OFF.
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SO 0 1
Video
Standby Mode
OSC 0 SO 1 ATT 1
TPEN Test Pattern Signal 0 Test pattern signal OFF (normal operation) 1 Test pattern signal ON (picture and sound)
WRITE MODE: Test Mode 1 and VHF Range
X2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 X1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 State 1.a 1.b 1.c 1.d 1.e 1.f 1.g 1.h Normal operation RF frequency divided for low frequency testing or VHF range: RF/2 RF/4 RF/8 RF/16 DC drive applied to modulators: Non-inverted video at TVOUT DC drive applied to modulators: Inverted video at TVOUT Transient output inhibit disabled During this speed-up test mode, ATT=0 forces sound current source to 1A, and ATT=1 forces it to 10A. Description
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WRITE MODE: Test Mode 2
X5 0 0 0 0 1 X4 0 0 1 1 0 X3 0 1 0 1 0 State 2.a 2.b 2.c 2.d 2.e Normal operation Description
I2C Programming
Test pattern generator DC verification (Test pattern DC test mode available) Programmable divider test (UHF prog. div. on PLLFILT and sound prog. div. on SPLLFIL pin) Reference divider test (UHF reference divider on PLLFILT pin) UHF phase comparator, upper source on PLLFILT pin Sound phase comparator 10A upper source on SPLLFIL (Only valid during transient output inhibit) UHF phase comparator, lower source on PLLFILT pin Sound phase comparator 10A lower source on SPLLFIL (Only valid during transient output inhibit) Sound phase comparator 1A upper source on SPLLFIL (Not valid during transient output inhibit) Sound phase comparator 1A lower source on SPLLFIL (Not valid during transient output inhibit)
1 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
2.f 2.g 2.h
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NOTE:
Test modes 1 and 2 are intended for manufacturing test purpose only and cannot be used for normal application, except for VHF range (states 1.b to 1.e)
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Modulator High Frequency Characteristics
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9 Modulator High Frequency Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale. RF inputs/outputs into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter TVOUT output level UHF oscillator frequency VHF range TVOUT output attenuation From UHF oscillator internally divided During transient output inhibit, or when ATT bit is set to 1. See Figure 3. See Note 2 Using red EBU bar. See Note 2 Using red EBU bar.See Note 2 2nd harmonic: CH21 3rd harmonic: CH21 Other channels: See Figure 3. See NOTE 1. See Note 2 1/2Fo-1/4Fo-3/2Fo-3/4Fo From 40MHz to 1GHz. See Note 2 No video sound modulation.See Note 2 Test Conditions Output signal from modulator section See Figure 3. See Note 2 Min 73 460 45 50 -- -- -- -- -- Typ 74.5 -- -- 60 63 -- -- 35 26 Max 77 880 460 -- 58 65 65 30 22 10 60 Unit dBV MHz MHz dBc dBc dBc dBc Type B A B B C C C
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Sound subcarrier harmonics (Fp+nFs) Reference picture carrier. See Note 2 Second harmonic of chroma subcarrier Chroma/Sound intermodulation: Fp+ (Fsnd - Fchr) Fo (picture carrier) harmonics
dBc
C
Out band (picture carrier) spurious In band spurious (Fo 5MHz) Note: Note:
-- --
0 --
dBV dBc
C C
1: Picture carrier harmonics are highly dependant on PCB layout and decoupling capacitors. 2: See "Characterization Measurement Conditions" on page 11.
2Fo Har m onics 40 35
45 40 35 3Fo Har m o n ics
Typical
dBc
Typical
dBc
30 25 20 15 471
30 25 20
Minimum specification
521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871
Minimum specification
521 571 621 671 721 771 Fr e q ue n cy (M hz ) 821 871
15 471
Fr e q ue n cy (M hz )
TV Output Le ve l 78 77 76
75 70
T V O u t p u t A t t e n u a t io n
dBuV
Maximum specification
dBc
65 60 55 50
75 74 73 72 471
Typical
Typical
Minimum specification
521 571 621 671 721 771 821 Fr e que ncy (M hz) 871
45 4 7 1 5 2 1 57 1 6 21 6 7 1 7 2 1 7 7 1 8 21 8 7 1 Fr e q u e n c y ( M h z )
Minimum specification
Figure 3. Typical Performance
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Video Characteristics
10 Video Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale. RF inputs/outputs into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter Video bandwidth Video input level Video input current Video input impedance Peak White Clip PWC bit set to 1, see PWC section. See Note 2 No sound modulation,100% white video Video S/N Using CCIR Rec.567 weighting filter See Figure 4. See Note 2 Unweighted. See Note 2 Differential Phase Differential Gain Luma/Sync ratio Video modulation depth CCIR Test Line 330, worst case from the first 4 steps out of 5. See Note 2 CCIR Test Line 310, worst case from the first 4 steps out of 5. See Note 2 Input ratio 7.0:3.0 See Figure 4.See Note 2 50 45 -5 -5 6.8/ 3.2 75 53 -- -- -- -- 81 -- -- 5 5 7.2/ 2.8 88 deg % -- % dB C C C C B B Test Conditions Reference 0dB at 100kHz, measured at 5MHz. See Note 2 75Ohm load Min -1.5 -- -- 500 110 Typ -0.8 -- 0.2 -- 114 Max -- 1.5 1 -- 118 Unit dB Vcvbs A K % Type C D A A A
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Video Signal to Noise 58 56
90 88 86 84 % 82 80 78 76
PAL V ide o M odulation De pth
Maximum specification Typical
Typical
54 dB 52 50 48 471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871 Frequency (Mhz)
Minimum specification
Minimum specification
74 471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871 Fr e que ncy (M hz )
Figure 4. Typical performances
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Audio Characteristics
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11 Audio Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale. RF output into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter Picture-to-Sound ratio Test Conditions PS bit set to 0 PS bit set to 1 Min 13 9 Typ 16 12 Max 19 15 Unit dB Type B
Using specific pre-emphasis circuit, audio input level=205mVrms-audio frequency=1kHz Audio modulation depth FM modulation: Fs=5.5, 6 or 6.5MHz 100% modulation=50kHz FM deviation FM modulation: NTSC Fs=4.5MHz 100% modulation=25kHz FM deviation Audio input resistance -- -- 45 Reference 0dB at 1kHz, using specified pre-emphasis circuit, measure from 50Hz to 15kHz at 1kHz, 100% modulation (50kHz) No video See Figure 4 -2.5 -- 48 80 80 53 -- 0.4 53 -- -- 61 +2 2 -- % % K dB % dB B B A C C C
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Audio Frequency response Audio Distortion FM (THD only) Audio S/N with Sync Buzz FM
Audio Signal to Noise 58 56 54 dB 52 50 48 46 471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871 Frequency (Mhz)
Typical
Minimum specification
Figure 5. Typical performances
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Characterization Measurement Conditions
12 Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device default configuration unless otherwise specified: * * * * * * * * * Peak White Clip enable UHF oscillator ON Sound and video modulators ON Sound subcarrier frequency = 5.5Mhz Sound Oscillator ON Picture-to-sound carrier ratio = 12dB Test pattern disabled All test mode bits are `0' Frequency from channel 21 to 69
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RF Inputs / Output into 75ohm Load using a 75 to 50 ohm transformation. Video Input 1V pk-pk. Audio pre-emphasis circuit engaged.
Device and Signals Set-up Measurement Set-up TVOUT output level Video: 10 steps grey scale No audio Measured picture carrier in dBuV with the HP8596E Spectrum Analyzer using a 75 to 50 ohm transformation, all cables losses and transformation pads having been calibrated. Measurement used as a reference for other tests: TVout_Ref TVOUT output attenuation "ATT" bit = 1 No Video signal No Audio signal Measure in dBc picture carrier at "ATT"="1" with reference to picture carrier at "ATT"="0". Sound Subcarrier Harmonics Measure in dBc second and third sound harmonics levels in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref).
Picture carrier Sound carrier
Sound 2nd harm
Video: 10 steps grey scale No Audio signal
Fo +5.5Mhz
Sound 3rd harm +11Mhz +16.5Mhz
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Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
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Measurement Set-up Second Harmonics of Chroma subcarrier Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), second harmonic of chroma at channel frequency plus 2 times chroma frequency, resulting in the following spectrum
Picture carrier Chroma carrier Sound carrier Chroma 2nd Harmonic
No audio Video: a 700mVpk-pk 100Khz sinusoidal signal is inserted on the black level of active video area.
Frequency Frequency 100kHz 100Khz
700mVpkpk
700mV pk-pk
Fo
+4.43Mhz +5.5Mhz
+8.86Mhz
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Chroma/Sound intermodulation No audio signal Video: 700mVpk-pk 100Khz sinusoidal signal inserted on the black level of active video area.This is generated using a Rohde & Schwarz Video Generator SAF and inserting the required frequency from a RF Signal generator.
Frequency Frequency 100kHz 4.43Mhz
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), intermodulation product at channel frequency plus the sound carrier frequency (+5,5Mhz) minus the chroma frequency (-4,43Mhz), resulting in the following spectrum. Intermodulation product is at the channel frequency +1,07Mhz.
Picture carrier Chroma carrier Chroma/Sound Intermod. Sound carrier
700mVpkpk
700mV pk-pk
Fo
+1.07Mhz
+4.43Mhz +5.5Mhz
Picture Carrier Harmonics Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), second and third harmonic of channel frequency, resulting in the following spectrum.
Picture carrier
2nd harmonic
3rd harmonic
No Video signal No Audio signal
Fo 2Fo 3Fo
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up Measurement Set-up Out of Band Spurious Measure in dBuV spurious levels at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 times channel frequency, resulting in the following spectrum Measure from 40Mhz to 1Ghz.
Picture carrier
No Video signal No Audio signal
Spurious
Fo/4
Fo/2 Fo*3/4
Fo
Fo*3/2
In Band Spurious
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No Video signal No Audio signal
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), spurious levels falling into video bandwidth Fo+/-5Mhz. Video Bandwidth
No audio Video: 600mVpk-pk sinusoidal signal inserted on the black level of active video area.
The Video signal is demodulated on the spectrum analyzer, and the peak level of the 100Khz signal is measured as a reference. The frequency is then swept from 100Khz to 5Mhz, and then the difference in dBc from the 100Khz reference level is measured. Peak White Clip
No Audio signal. Video: 10 step grey scale
The video modulation depth is measured for 1.0VCVBS input level, giving modulation depth MDA. Then the same measurement is carried out for an input level of 1.4VCVBC, giving modulation depth MDB. The Peak White Clip is defined as 100*MDB/MDA. Weighted Video Signal to Noise
Video: 100% White video signal - 1Vpk- The Video Analyzer measures the ratio between the amplitude of the pk. active area of the video signal (700mV) and the noise level in Vrms on a No Audio signal video black level which is show below. This is measured using a Rohde & VideoS/N is calculated as 20 x log(700 /N) in dB Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G (using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with N sound trap and envelope detection, and noise level in Vrms a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video Analyzer. Unweighted Video Signal to Noise Same as above with CCIR filter disabled. Same as above. Video Differential Phase On line CCIR 330, the video analyzer DP measure consists of calculating the difference of the Chroma phase at the black level and the different chroma subcarrier phase angles at each step of the greyscale. The largest positive or negative difference indicates the distortion.
Video: 5 step Grey Scale- 1Vpk-pk. No Audio signal This is measured using a Rohde & Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G the largest positive or negative difference (using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting DIFF PHASE = * 100% the phaseat position 0 network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with sound trap, and envelope detection, and a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video Analyzer. The video analyzer method takes the worst step from the first 4 steps.
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Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
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Measurement Set-up Video Differential Gain On line CCIR 330 shown below, the video analyzer DG measure consists of calculating the difference of the Chroma amplitude at the black level and the different amplitudes at each step of the greyscale. The largest positive or negative difference indicates the distortion.
Video: 5 step Grey Scale- 1Vpk-pk. No Audio signal This is measured using a Rohde & Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G (using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with sound trap and envelope detection, and a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video Analyzer.
0
1
2
3
4
5
5-step Greyscale with Chroma subcarrier superimposed
(not to scale), line CCIR 330.
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the largest positive or negative difference DIFF GAIN = the amplitude at position 0
* 100%
The video analyzer method takes the worst step from the first 4 steps. Video Modulation Depth This is measured using a HP8596E Spectrum Analyzer with a TV Trigger option, allowing demodulation and triggering on any specified TV Line. The analyzer is centred on the maximum peak of the Video signal and reduced to zero Hertz span in Linear mode to demodulate the Video carrier.
A ( 6-10mV) A(mV)
No Audio signal Video: 10 step grey scale
B(mV) B (0.6 - 3mV)
TV Line Demodulated by Spectrum Analyzer-BG standard
The Modulation Depth is calculated as (A-B)/A x 100 in% Picture to Sound ratio Measure in dBc sound carrier in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref) for "PS" bit=0 (PS=12dB typical) and for "PS" bit=1 (PS=16dB),
Picture carrier
No Video signal No Audio Signal "PS" bit set to 0 and 1
Sound carrier
Fo
+5.5Mhz
Audio Modulation Depth - FM Modulation The audio signal 205mV at 1kHz is supplied by the Audio Analyzer, and the FM demodulated signal deviation is indicated on the Demodulator in Khz peak. This value is then converted in% of FM deviation, based on specified standards.
Video Black Level Audio signal: 1Khz, 205mVrms. This is measured using a Rohde & Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up Measurement Set-up Audio Frequency response The audio signal 1KHz 100mVrms is supplied by the Audio Analyzer, demodulated by the Demodulator and the audio analyzer measures the Video Black Level AC amplitude of this demodulated audio signal: this value is taken as a Audio signal: 50Hz to 15KHz, 100mVrms reference (0dB). This is measured using a Rohde & The audio signal is then swept from 50Hz to 15KHz, and demodulated Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and AC amplitude is measured in dB relative to the 1KHz reference. a HP8903A. Audio pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits are engaged, all audio analyzer filters are switched OFF. Audio Distortion FM Audio: 1Khz, adjustable level Video Black Level This is measured using a Rohde & Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G and a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz. The output level of the Audio analyzer is varied to obtain a deviation of 50kHz indicated on the Demodulator. The input rms detector of the Audio Analyzer converts the ac level of the combined signal + noise + distortion to dc. It then removes the fundamental signal (1kHz) after having measured the frequency. The output rms detector converts the residual noise + distortion to dc. The dc voltmeter measures both dc signals and calculates the ratio in% of the two signals. ADist = ( Distorsion + Noise ) ( Distorsion + Noise + Signal ) Audio Signal to Noise The Audio Analyzer alternately turns ON and OFF it's internal audio source to make a measure of the Audio signal plus noise and then another measure of only the noise. Audio: 1Khz, adjustable level The measurement is made using the internal CCIR468-2 Filter of the Video: EBU Color Bars Audio Analyzer together with the internal 30+/-2kHz (60dB/decade) This is measured using a Rohde & Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and Lowpass filters. a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz. The The AMFS demodulator uses a quasi-parallel demodulation as is the case in a normal TV set. In this mode the Nyquist filter is bypassed and output level of the Audio analyzer is the video carrier is used without added delay to effectuate intercarrier varied to obtain a Modulation Deviation conversion. In this mode the phase noise information fully cancels out of 25kHz indicated on the AMFS and the true S/N can be measured Demodulator. ASN ( dB ) = 20 x log ( Signal + Noise ) ( Noise )
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Modulator Operation
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13 Modulator Operation
13.1 Power ON Settings
At power-ON, the MC44BC374T1 configuration is as follows:
WRITE MODE C1--High Order Bits C0--Low Order Bits FM--High Order Bits FL--Low Order Bits Note: Note: Peak White Clip is ON. Sound frequency is 5.5MHz. Picture to sound ratio is 12dB. Bit 7 1 0 0 N5 Bit 6 0 1 0 N4 Bit 5 0 0 N11 N3 Bit 4 0 0 N10 N2 Bit 3 0 1 N9 N1 Bit 2 0 0 N8 N0 Bit 1 0 0 N7 0 Bit 0 0 0 N6 0 ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK
N0 to N11 are set to have UHF oscillator on channel 71 (871.25MHz).
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Note: Note:
NOTE:
This power-ON configuration is not available when modulator is switched ON from STBY pin.
13.2 Power Supply
The three device Vccs (pins 10, 13, 15) must be applied at the same time to ensure all internal blocks are correctly biased. All other pins must not be biased before Vcc is applied to device (except STBY pin during hardware standby mode).
13.3 Standby modes
During standby mode, the modulator is switched to low power consumption: the sound oscillator, UHF oscillator, video and sound modulator sections bias are internally turned OFF. The IIC bus section remains active. Modulator can be switched in standby mode in 2 cases: * * Software standby mode: combination of 3 bits of IIC message:OSC=0, SO=1 and ATT=1 Hardware standby mode: STBY pin is set to LO state
Hardware / Software standby modes There is an internal logical "OR" function between the hardware and software standby modes:
Hardware standby mode Software standby mode Modulator Mode Normal Normal Normal Normal Standby Standby Standby Normal Standby Standby Standby Standby
NOTE:
When switching from STBY=LO to STBY=HI, the modulator configuration is not guaranteed. An IIC message has to be sent to program the modulator.
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13.3.1 STBY Pin Levels
Modulator Mode STBY pin state STBY pin level Normal HI +5V or high impedance Standby LO 0V
Modulator Operation
A pull down resistor may be used on STBY pin in order to force an "high impedance" condition into a LO state (i.e. standby mode condition).
13.4 Transient Output Inhibit
To minimize the risk of interference to other channels while the UHF PLL is acquiring a lock on the desired frequency, the Sound and Video modulators are turned OFF for each of the following three cases:
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* * *
Power-ON from zero (i.e., all Vcc is switched from 0V to 5V). UHF oscillator power-ON from OFF state (i.e., OSC bit is switched from 0 to 1) STBY pin switched from LO state to HI state
There is a time-out of 263ms until the output is enabled. This lets the UHF PLL settle to its programmed frequency. During the 263ms time-out, the sound PLL current source is set to 10A typical to speed up the locking time. After the 263ms time-out, the current source is switched to 1A. Use care when selecting loop filter components, to ensure the loop transient does not exceed this delay. For test purposes, it is possible to disable the 263ms delay using Test Mode1-State1.h.
13.5 Video Section -- Peak White Clip
The modulator requires: * * A composite video input with negative going sync pulses A nominal level of 1Vp-p
This signal is AC-coupled to the video input where the sync tip level is clamped. The video signal is then passed to a Peak White Clip circuit. The PWC circuit function is to soft-clip the top of the video waveform if the "sync tip amplitude" to "peak white clip" goes too high. This method avoids carrier over-modulation by the video. Clipping can be disabled by software.
13.6 Sound Section
The multivibrator oscillator is fully integrated and does not require any external components. An internal low-pass filter and matched structure give a very low harmonics level. The sound modulator system consists of an FM modulator incorporating the sound subcarrier oscillator The audio input signal is AC-coupled into the amplifier, which then drives both types of modulator. The audio pre-emphasis circuit is a high-pass filter with an external capacitor and an internal resistor (100kOhms). The recommended capacitor value (470pF) is for BG standard; time constant is 50s.
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Modulator Operation
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13.7 Test Pattern Generator
The IC generates a simple test pattern, which can be switched under bus control to permit a TV receiver to easily tune to the modulator output. The pattern consists of two white vertical bars on a black background and a 976Hz audio test signal.
TE2
7/10
3/10
TE1 0 10 20 24 2830 40 44 50 60 64
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TIME IN S.
13.8 PLL Section
The reference divider is a fixed divide-by-128, resulting in a reference frequency of 31.25KHz with a 4.0MHz crystal. The 31.25KHz reference frequency is used for both UHF and Sound PLLs. The prescaler is a fixed divide-by-8 and is permanently engaged. The programmable divider division-ratio is controlled by the state of control bits N0 to N11. The divider-ratio N for a desired frequency F (in MHz) is given by:
F 128 N = -- x -------8 4
with:
N = 2048 x N11 + 1024 x N10 + ...... + 4 x N2 + 2 x N1 + N0
13.9 UHF Oscillator -- VHF range
The UHF oscillator is fully integrated and does not require any external components. For low frequency testing or VHF range operation (test mode 1, states 1.b to 1.c), the UHF oscillator can be internally divided by: 2, 4, 8, or 16.
13.10 Differences From MC44BC374C device
* * * * * * "OSC" bit programming is inverted Start up channel is `71' instead od `36' Hardware standby mode is added Logic Output Port is not available "TB1" bit is not available (limited software compatibility with the MC44355 device) Read Mode is not available
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. I2C Compatible Bus High Speed
14 High Speed I2C Compatible Bus
14.1 Specification Conditions
Unless otherwise specified, Vcc1=5.0V, TA=25 oC.
Electrical Characteristics SDA / SCL output current at 0V SDA / SCL low input level SDA / SCL high input level SDA/SCL input current for input level from 0.4V to 0.3Vcc SDA/SCL input level SDA/SCL capacitance Min -- -- 3.0 -5 0 -- -- -- Min 0 200 500 500 0 0 500 500 -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,3 -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Max 10 1.5 -- 5 Vcc+0,3 10 1 1.5 Max 800 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 300 50 80 300 300 50 Unit A V V A V pF V V Unit kHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Type A B B C D C A C Type C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
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ACK low output level (sinking 3mA) ACK low output level (sinking 15mA) Timing Characteristics Bus clock frequency Bus free time between stop and start Setup time for start condition Hold time for start condition Data setup time Data hold time Setup time for stop condition Hold time for stop condition Acknowledge propagation delay SDA fall time at 3ma sink I and 130pF load SDA fall time at 3ma sink I and 400pF load SDA rise time SCL fall/rise time Pulse width of spikes suppressed by the input filter
14.2 Timings Definition
Stop Tbuf Start Chip Address
ACK
Start
Stop
SSDA SSCL
... ...
SDA SCL
SDA SCL
Tsu;sto Thd;sta
Tsu;dat
Thd;dat
Tack:low
Tsu;sta
Thd;sto
14.3 Levels Definition
SDA
...
Vcc Vih Vil 0V dead band
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High Speed I2C Compatible Bus
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14.4 High Speed I2C Compatible Bus Format
SCL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 44 45
STA
Chip Address ($CA) ACK
First Data Byte (C1 or FM) ACK
Data ACK
Stop
SDA
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14.5 I2C Write Mode Format and Bus Receiver
The bus receiver operates the I2C compatible data format. The chip address (I2C bus) is:
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 (ACK) = $CA (hex) in write mode
In write mode, each ninth data bit (bits 9, 18, 27, 36, and 45) is an acknowledge bit (ACK) during which the MCU sends a logic 1 and the Modulator circuit answers on the data line by pulling it low. Besides the chip address, the circuit needs two (2) or four (4) data bytes for operation. The following sequences of data bytes are the permitted incoming information:
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 With: STA = Start condition FM = Frequency information, high order bits C1 = Control information, high order bits STO = Stop condition CA = Chip Address FL = Frequency information, low order bits CO = Control information, low order bits STA STA STA STA CA CA CA CA C1 FM C1 FM C0 FL C0 FL STO STO FM C1 FL C0 STO STO
After the chip address, two or four data bytes may be received. * * If three data bytes are received, the third one is ignored. If five or more data bytes are received, the fifth and following ones are ignored, and the last ACK pulse is sent at the end of the fourth data byte.
The first and third data bytes contain a function bit, which lets the IC distinguish between frequency information and control information. If the function bit is a logic 1, the two following bytes contain control information. The first data byte after the chip address, may be byte CO or byte FM. The two bytes of frequency information are preceded by a logic 0.
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Pin Circuit Schematics
15 Pin Circuit Schematics
VCCD VCC VCC 50 25K 1/2 VCCD VCCD
SDA
SCL
25K 1/2 VCCD
ACK
VCC VCC 5K
XTAL
STBY
1.5K
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VCC
PREM
10k 11.8k
50k
VCC
audio
AUDIO IN
VCC
VCC
VCC 5K
TV OUT
SPLLFLT
75
VCC
TVOVCC
VCC VCC 100 VCC
PLLFLT
2K 10K 500 10K
VIDEO
Figure 6. Pin Schematics
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Application and Case Diagrams
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16 Application and Case Diagrams
16.1 Proposed BiCMOS Modulator Application
This document contains information on a new product under development. Motorola reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice.
Note 3 220K
O
1
SCL
16
GNDD
2
SDA
15
VCCD
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Hi/Lo
4MHz Pre-em
Cx Note 1 470pF
3
STBY
14
PLLFLT
4
XTAL
13
TVOVCC
5
GND
12
TVOUT
10nF 1nF
6
PREEM
11
GND
7
AUDIO
10
VCCA
8
SPLLFLT
9
VIDEO
100nF 22nF
220nF 15K
10nF
Audio
Note 1: Cx value depends on crystal characteristics; Cx = 27pF on Motorola application board. Note 2: Loop Filter components must be as close as possible to pins 14 and 15 Note 3: The 220K pull down resistor set the STBY pin "open" condition to "standby mode". If not connected, the "open" condition is "normal mode" Figure 7. Proposed MC44BC374T1 Application Schematic
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O Note 2
SDA SCL O O
Vcc
2.2k
22nF 47nF
O TVOUT
10nF
75 O Video O Vcc
100nF
O
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. and Case Diagrams Application
16.2 Packaging Instructions
Tape and reel packaging per 12MRH00360A with the following conditions applicable for Dual In-Line SOP (SOIC) package.
Component Orientation: Arrange parts with the pin 1 side closest to the tape's round sprocket holes on the tape's trailing edge.
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16.3 Marking Instructions
:
Bar marked part way accross Pin 1 end of package. Bar width 10 to 20 mils, length to be at least four times Bar width. Bar placement may extend across chamfer and dimple areas. Pin 1 Dot or Dimple * 1st line: 44BC374T1 for MC44BC374T1 device (Part number coded on 10 digits)
M44BC374T1
*
2nd line: Assembly site code AW (2 digits) followed by the wafer lot code L (1 digit), year Y (1 digit) and work week WW (2 digits)
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Application and Case Diagrams
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Millimeters Dim Min A A1 D E E1 b c e L h Q 1.35 0.1 9.8 5.8 3.8 0.35 0.19 0.4 0.25 0o Max 1.75 0.25 10 6.2 4 0.49 0.25 1.25 0.5 7o
Inches Min 0.054 0.004 0.385 0.229 0.150 0.014 0.008 0.016 0.010 0o Max 0.068 0.009 0.393 0.244 0.157 0.019 0.009 0.049 0.019 7o
Note: 1994. Note:
1. Dimensions and Tolerances per ASME Y14.5M, 2. Controlling dimension: Millimeters.
Note: 3. Dimension D and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Note: 4. Maximum mold protrusion 0.15 (0.006) per side. Note: 5. Dimension b does not include Dambar protrusion. Allowable Dambar protrusion shall be 0.127 (0.005) total in excess of the b dimension at maximum material condition.
1.27 BSC
0.050 BSC
Figure 8. SO16NB Package
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MC44BC374T1 Technical Data For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com
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MC44BC374T1/D
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