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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Features
* * VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire * 32-Step Logarithmic Scale * 20/25mA Max Current per Channel * Four Low Current Settings Down to 50A * Low IQ (50A) for Low Current Mode Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for Maximum Efficiency and VF Coverage Drives up to Six Channels of LEDs Individual Main/Sub-Group Control No Inductors, Low Noise Operation 0.5/1/2MHz Constant Switching Frequency Small Application Circuit Built-In Thermal Protection Built-In Auto-Disable For Open Circuit Automatic Soft Start IQ <1A in Shutdown Thermally-Enhanced QFN4040-16 Package: Available in "Green" Molding Compound (No Br, Sb) Lead Free Finish / RoHS Compliant (Note 1)
General Description
The AP3156 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a tri-mode load switch (1X), fractional (1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for white LED applications. The AP3156 is capable of driving the LED channels at 120mA maximum from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1F flying capacitors and two small 1F capacitors at VIN and VOUT) make this part ideally suited for small, battery-powered applications. AP3156 serial digital input is used to enable, disable and set current for each LED with a 32-level logarithmic scale plus four low-current settings down to 50A for optimized efficiency, with a low quiescent current of only 50A. Each output of the AP3156 is equipped with built-in protection for VOUT short circuit and auto-disable for LED failure conditions. Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current during start-up. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1A. The AP3156 is available in a lead-free, space-saving, thermally enhanced 16-pin 4x4mm QFN package.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Applications
* * * * Color (RGB) Lighting Programmable Current Sinks White LED Backlighting White Photo Flash for Digital Still Cameras
Typical Application Circuit
VIN 1uF CIN 10 VIN C2P 5 1uF C2 1uF C1
8 C2N 6 C1P C1N AP3156 7
VOUT
4
D6 LED D5 LED D4 LED D3 LED D2 LED D1 LED
1uF COUT
SDI
2
SDI
GND 9,11
1 D6 16 D5 15 D4 14 D3 13 D2 12 D1
AP3156 Rev. 1
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Ordering Information
AP 3156 FV G - 7 Package FV : QFN4040-16
Device AP3156FVG-7
Notes:
Lead Free G : Green
Packing 7 : Tape & Reel
Package Code FV
Packaging (Note 2) QFN4040-16
7" Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix 1500/Tape & Reel -7
1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied. Please visit our website at http://www.diodes.com/products/lead_free.html 2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
Pin Assignments
(Top View)
D5
D4
D3 14
16
15
D6 SDI NC VOUT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Exposed Pad
13 12 D1 11 GND 10 9 VIN GND C2N
QFN4040-16
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C1P
C1N
C2P
D2
SEPTEMBER 2009
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name
D6 SDI NC VOUT C2P C1P C1N C2N GND VIN D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GND
Pin Description Number 1 Current Sink Input #6. Connected to VOUT when un-used. 2 Serial Digital Interface Control Pin 3 No Connection Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1F capacitor connected between 4 this pin and ground Positive Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2. Connects a 1F capacitor between C2P and 5 C2N. Positive terminal of Flying Capacitor 1. Connects a 1F capacitor between C1P and 6 C1N. 7 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 1 8 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2 9, 11 Ground. 10 Input Power Supply. Requires 1F capacitor between this pin and ground. 12 Current sink input #1. Connected to VOUT when un-used. 13 Current sink input #2. Connected to VOUT when un-used. 14 Current sink input #3. Connected to VOUT when un-used. 15 Current sink input #4. Connected to VOUT when un-used. 16 Current sink input #5. Connected to VOUT when un-used. EP PAD Exposed Pad (bottom). Connected to GND directly underneath the package.
Functional Block Diagram
AP3156 Rev. 1
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol ESD HBM ESD MM VIN VSDI IOUT TJ TLEAD
Notes:
(Note 3)
Description Human Body Model ESD Protection Machine Model ESD Protection Input Voltage SDI to GND Voltage Maximum DC Output Current Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)
Rating 2 200 -0.3 to 6 -0.3 to VIN +0.3 150 -40 to 150 300
Unit KV V V V mA C C
3. Exceeding Absolute Maximum Ratings will cause permanent damage to the device.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol VIN TA Parameter Input Voltage Operating Ambient Temperature Min 2.7 -40 Max 5.5 85 Units V C
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Electrical Characteristics
CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0F; TA = 25C, VIN = 3.5V. Unless otherwise noted. Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min 1X Mode, 3.0VIN5.5, Active, No Load Current 1.5X Mode, 3.0VIN5.5, Active, IQ Quiescent Current No Load Current 2X Mode, 3.0VIN5.5, Active, No Load Current 50A Setting, 1X Mode ISHDN Shutdown Current SDI = 0 18.6 ISET = 20mA (Note 5), TA = 25C ISINK Current Accuracy IDX (Note 4) 3.6 ISET = 4mA (Note 5), TA = 25C Current Matching Between Any VF: ID-Match Two Current Sink Inputs D1:D6 = 3.6V (Note 6) 1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X ISET = 25mA VTH Transition Threshold at Any ISINK Pin Charge Pump Section TSS Soft-Start Time FCLK Clock Frequency
Typ.
0.3 2.0 1.5 50 20 4 0.5
Max
1 3 3 1 21.4 4.4
Unit
mA
A A mA mA %
150
mV
40 0.5/ 1/ 2 0.4
s MHz
SDI
VSDI(L) VSDI(H) TSLO TSHI TOFF TSEP ISDI JA
Notes:
SDI Threshold Low SDI Threshold High SDI Low Time SDI High Time SDI Off Timeout SDI Valid Sequence Timeout SDI Input Leakage Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Ambient
VIN = 2.7V VIN = 5.5V
1.4 0.3 0.05
-1 QFN4040-16 (Note 7) 46
50 50 256 256 1
o
V V s s s s A C/W
4. Determined by the average current levels of all active channels 5. Sequence setting set to give nominal 20mA max output current and 4mA output current. 6. Defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active current channels 7. Device mounted on FR-4 substrate, 2"*2", 2oz, copper, double-sided PC board,
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Typical Performance Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage Turn-On to 1X Mode (VIN = 4.2V; 20mA Load)
VF=3.3V
VF=2.8V VF=3.0V
Turn-On from 1.5X Mode (VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
Turn-On to 2X Mode (VIN = 2.7V; 20mA Load)
Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode (VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
Current Matching vs. Temperature
AP3156 Rev. 1
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Typical Performance Characteristics
Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.2V; 1.5X Mode; 10mA Load)
(Continued)
Load Characteristics (VIN = 2.7V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load)
Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.5V; 1.5X Mode; 20mA Load)
Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.1V; 2X Mode; 25mA Load)
Load Characteristics (VIN = 3.5V; 1.5X Mode; 25mA Load)
AP3156 Rev. 1
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Typical Performance Characteristics
SDI Threshold High vs. Input Voltage
(Continued)
SDI Threshold Low vs. Input Voltage
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Functional Description
The AP3156 is a tri-mode high efficiency six-channel charge pump (1x, 1.5x or 2x) device intended for white LED backlight applications. An internal comparator circuit compares the voltage at each constant current sink input against a reference voltage. To ensure maximum power efficiency, the most appropriate switching mode (1x, 1.5x, 2x) is automatically selected. The AP3156 requires only four external components: two 1F ceramic flying capacitors (C1 and C2) for the charge pump, one 1F ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 1F ceramic charge pump output capacitor (COUT). The each output channel of the AP3156 can drive six individual LEDs with a maximum current of 25mA per channel. These can be paralleled to give a total output current of 150mA. Constant Current Output Level Settings The constant current level for the outputs is set via the Serial Digital Interface and has a logarithmic variance. This results in the LED brightness varying linearly when the settings in the scale are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D6 are true independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on any single given input will be determined by the difference between VOUT and the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED being driven. Since the constant current levels for the AP3156 are programmable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. With its high-speed serial interface (>1MHz data rate), the LED current drive of the AP3156 can be changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs in smooth transitions or in abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness. There are 32 current level settings separated from one another by approximately 0.5dB (see Constant Current Programming Level table). Code 1 is full-scale current, and Code 31 is full scale attenuated roughly 15dB. Code 32 is reserved as a "no current" setting. Constant Current Programming Levels (mA) 20mA Max 25mA Max Data IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) 1 20 25 2 18.9 23.6 3 17.8 22.3 4 16.8 21.0 5 15.9 19.9 6 15.0 18.7 7 14.2 17.7 8 13.4 16.7 9 12.6 15.8 10 11.9 14.9 11 11.2 14.1 12 10.6 13.3 13 10.0 12.5 14 9.5 11.8 15 8.9 11.2 16 8.4 10.5 17 8.0 10.0 18 7.5 9.4 19 7.1 8.9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 0 8.4 7.9 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.4 0
Low Current Output Level Setting The AP3156 has a distinct Low Current mode with ultra-low quiescent current. For drive currents of 2mA or less, the device operates with significantly reduced quiescent current. Low Current Programming Levels (mA) Data Current (mA) 1 2 2 1 3 0.5 4 0.05 5 0 Serial Digital Interface SDI is a general purpose 1-wire digital interface designed to transport digital controls for power management ICs such as AP3156. The current levels of the six channels can be configured either together, individually or specific grouping. Up to 32 current levels are allowed. A generic system controller can easily support the SDI protocol via bit-banging over its general purpose I/Os. The SDI protocol is simple yet flexible enough to accommodate different switching clock frequencies. Any sequence of negative-edged pulses of 63 or less (see Instruction & Data Table) separated by TSEP at the SDI pin is interpreted by the AP3156 as a channel configuration event. In future, the number of pulses can be extended to support additional commands.
AP3156 Rev. 1
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Functional Description
Instruction & Data Table First Second Sequence Sequence 1~3 4~7 8 1~32 1 2 3 4~32 9 1
(Continued)
Disabled Current Sinks Unused current channels must be disabled by connecting the sinks to VOUT with only a small sense current flowing through the disabled channel. Soft-Start Soft-start is incorporated to prevent excessive inrush current during power-up, mode switching, and transitioning out of stand-by mode. Short-Circuit Protection Short-circuit protection function is incorporated to prevent excessive load current when either flying cap terminals or output pin electrically tied to a very lower voltage or ground. Over-Voltage Protection Over-Voltage Protection function is incorporated to limit the output voltage under a safe value to avoid on-chip device breakdown. Under-Voltage Lockout Under-Voltage lockout feature disables the device when the input voltage drops below UVLO threshold. Thermal Auto Shutdown When the die temperature exceeds the thermal limit, the device will be disabled and enter stand-by mode. The operation resumes whenever the die cools off sufficiently. Switching frequency By default, the AP3156 is working at 1MHz switching frequency. It can also work at 0.5MHz or 2MHz switching frequency which can be set through the Serial Digital Interface. An user can choose the appropriate switching frequency with consideration of noise immunity, input and output voltage ripple requirement, and capacitor selection.
Description No Action Reserved Switching frequency selected to 0.5MHz Switching frequency selected to 1MHz (default) Switching frequency selected to 2MHz Reserved 20mA Constant Current Mode, 32 current level supported (default) Low Current Mode, 4 current level supported 25mA Constant Current Mode, 32 current level supported Reserved Set current level for all 6 Channels Set current level for CH1, CH2, CH3 Set current level for CH4, CH5, CH6 Set current level for CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 Set current level for CH5, CH6 Set current level for CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5 Set current level for CH6 Set current level for CH5 Set current level for CH4 Set current level for CH3 Set current level for CH2 Set current level for CH1 Reserved Soft Reset 1) 1MHz switching frequency 2) 20mA Constant Current Mode 3) All Channels in Current Level Setting 32 (0mA) Null Sequence Reserved
2 3 4~32 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22~32 33 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* 1~32* -
34 35~63
-
* Only 1~5 are valid current settings at Low Current Mode.
AP3156 Rev. 1
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Serial Digital Interface
SDI Command Timing Protocol
For the SDI command to be successfully received by the AP3156, all SDI timing specifications must be satisfied. When no command is being sent, the SDI pin should be held High. If the SDI pin goes Low and stays Low for a time length between TSLO(min) and TSLO(max) and then goes High and stays High for the length between TSHI(min) and TSHI(max), one falling edge is registered by the AP3156. The total number of falling edges registered before the SDI pin is held High for longer than the maximum separation time TSEP(max) identifies the command that has been received by the AP3156. The next series of falling edges before another separation time of TSEP represents the next command. In other words, the AP3156 counts the number of consecutive falling edges on the SDI pin and a different number represents a different command. Each command is executed after it is successfully received. If at any time the SDI pin is held Low for longer than the maximum chip disable time TOFF(max), then the AP3156 will be turned off and enters the shutdown mode. Setting the SDI pin switching from Low to High will re-enable the AP3156 and leave the shutdown mode. If the SDI pin is held on for a time duration over TSEP, then an end of a sequence (EOS) occurs with a number of pulse conformed to specified timing. A valid dual-sequence command occurs when one valid sequence is defined as an instruction, and the other is defined as data. Both sequences have number of pulses less than 33. Also, a valid single-sequence command occurs when the sequence has number of pulses greater than 32.
First Sequence TSHI TSLO TSEP
Second Sequence TSEP
SDI
1
2
8
9
10
1
2
Channel Selection
Current Setting
Channel 1 in dimming control Channel 2 in dimming control Channel 3 in dimming control Channel 4 in dimming control Channel 5 in dimming control Channel 6 in dimming control Set Channel 1 to current level 2. Set Channel 2 to current level 2. Set Channel 3 to current level 2. Set Channel 4 to current level 2. Set Channel 5 to current level 2. Set Channel 6 to current level 2.
Channel D1 Channel D2 Channel D3 Channel D4 Channel D5 Channel D6
Figure 1: Dimming Control Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
AP3156 Rev. 1
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Serial Digital Interface
(Continued)
First Sequence
Second Sequence
TSHI
TSLO
TSEP
TSEP
SDI
1 2 7 8 9 1 2
Current Mode Selection
Select Low Current Mode
Figure 2: Current Mode Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
First Sequence
Second Sequence
TSHI
TSLO
TSEP
TSEP
SDI
1 2 6 7 8 1 2
Switching Frequency Selection
Select Switching Frequency to 1 MHZ
Figure 3: Switching Frequency Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
First Sequence
TSHI
TSLO
TSEP
SDI 1 2 31
Soft Reset
32
33
Figure 4: Soft Reset (Single-Sequence Command)
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Marking Information
(1) QFN4040-16
( Top View ) XX YW X XX : F7 : AP3156 Y : Year : 0~9 W : Week : A~Z : 1~26 week; a~z : 27~52 week; z represents 52 and 53 week X : A~Z : Green
Identification Code F7
Part Number AP3156FVG-7
Package QFN4040-16
Package Information
(1) Package Type: QFN4040-16
(All Dimensions in mm)
0.10 C
C L
16X-
0.08 C 0.55/0.65 0.05Max. 0.15Max. 0.25 A
Seating Plane
Side View
C Land Pattern Recommendatrion 4 3.7
2X-
B
3.90/4.10
A
10
4
2.3/2.5 2.3/2.5 3.7
(Pin #1 ID) 16
3.90/4.10
1 (Pin #1 ID)
0.55/0.65
4
2X-
0.25 B
0.65Typ.
0.28/0.38
0.10
CAB
12x-0.65
Bottom View
Bottom View
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16x-1.0
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Taping Orientation
(Note 8)
Note:
8. The taping orientation of the other package type can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02007.pdf
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated website, harmless against all damages. Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems. Copyright (c) 2009, Diodes Incorporated www.diodes.com
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