on a single chip, a trimedia ? tm-1100 delivers real-time processing of audio, video, graphics, and communications datastreams. with its low- cost 133-mhz cpu and a full complement of on-chip i/o and coprocessing peripheral units, the tm-1100 media processor delivers up to 5.3 bops to new multimedia products. 100% pin compatibility with the tm-1000 processor ensures that developers can take immediate advantage of up to 33% more processing power in their existing tm-1000 designs. comparable in programmability to a general- purpose processor, the trimedia tm-1100 architecture enables development of multi- media applications entirely in the c and c++ programming languages. programmability improves time-to-market, lowers development costs, and extends product life through software upgradability. multimedia applications the tm-1100 is an ideal building block for any multimedia appli- cation that processes multiple multimedia and communications datastreams. it is well suited for creating a range of consumer and professional products such as videophones, videoconferencing and video editing systems, security systems, dvd encode/decode devices, and digital television appliances. single-chip multimedia engine powered by a low-cost, 133-mhz, c-programmable cpu, the trimedia tm-1100 strikes a perfect compromise between cost and performance. to streamline data throughput, tm-1100 incorporates independent on-chip dma-driven peripheral units that manage datastream i/o and formatting and accelerate processing of key multimedia algorithms. to reap the full bene?t of the cpu and pro- cessing units, tm-1100s sophisticated memory hierarchy manages internal i/o and streamlines access to external memory. the result a single, low-cost programmable chip that powers standalone and pc-hosted multimedia products. features + processes audio, video, graphics and communications datastreams on a single chip + powerful, ?ne-grain parallel, 133-mhz vliw cpu with versatile instruction set includes special multimedia and dsp operations + pin compatibility with tm-1000 delivers up to 33% more performance to trimedia tm-1000 designs + multiple, independent, dma-driven multimedia i/o and coprocessing units format data and offload the cpu + enhanced video out functionality includes 7-bit alpha blending, full chroma keying, genlock capability, and programmable yuv color clipping + pci/xio bus interface supports glueless interface to a mix of pci and 8-bit microcomputer peripheral chips, such as rom/flash, eeprom, 68k, and x86 devices + robust software development tools enable multimedia application development entirely in c/c++ + dvd playback authentication/descrambling functions for pc and standalone applications + 16- and 64-mbit sdram support up to 133-mhz programmable media processor trimedia tm-1100
programmable vliw cpu the tm-1100 delivers top performance through an elegant imple- mentation of a very-long instruction word (vliw) architecture. key to the trimedia processors vliw implementation, parallelism is optimized at compile time by the trimedia compilation system. no specialized scheduling hardware is required to parallelize code during execution. hardware saved by eliminating complex scheduling logic reduces cost and allows the integration of multimedia features that enhance the power of the cpu in multimedia applications. the tm-1100 processors powerful dsp-like, 32-bit cpu achieves ?ne-grain parallelism by simultaneously targeting ?ve of its 27 pipelined functional units within one clock cycle. most common operations have their results available in one clock cycle; more complex operations have multicycle latencies. functional units can access 128 fully general-purpose, 32-bit registers during execution. since registers are not separated into banks, any operation can use any register for any operand. both big and little endian byte ordering are supported. the trimedia tm-1100 cpu also provides special support for instruction and data breakpoints, useful in debugging and program development. powerful, dsp-like, c-callable multimedia ops in addition to traditional microprocessor operations and a full complement of 32-bit, ieee-compliant, ?oating point operations, the tm-1100 instruction set includes multimedia and dsp operations that accelerate the performance of multimedia applications. such mul- timedia operations can replace up to 11 traditional microprocessor operations. when incorporated into application source code, they dramatically improve performance and amplify the ef?ciency of the tm-1100s parallel architecture. multimedia operations are invoked with familiar function-call syntax consistent with the c programming language. they are automatically scheduled to take full advantage of the trimedia processors highly parallel vliw implementation. as with all other operations generated by the trimedia vliw compilation system, the scheduler takes care of register allocation, operation packing, and ?ow analysis. the tm-1100 processor enhances the multimedia operation set available for the tm-1000 with 6 additional operations that improve ef?ciency of mpeg-2 9-bit precise decoding, support video de-interlacing (median ?ltering), and more. memory system overview to reap the full bene?t of the tm-1100 processors cpu and pro- cessing units, its memory hierarchy must read and write data (and instructions) fast enough to keep these units busy. thus to meet the a single-chip multimedia engine powered by a low-cost, 133-mhz, c-programmable cpu, the trimedia tm-1100 strikes a perfect compromise between cost and performance. sdram main memory interface i 2 c interface audio out audio in synchronous serial interface timers enhanced video out vliw cpu instr. cache data cache image coprocessor pci / xio interface video in vld coprocessor to pci / xio bus internal bus (data highway) tm-1100 architecture on a single chip, the tm-1100 incorporates a powerful cpu and peripherals to accelerate processing of audio, video, graphics, and communications data.
tm-1100 speci?cations physical process c75: cmos 0.35 micron; 5-layer metal packaging te_qfp pins total 240 i/o pins 3.3 v with 5 v tolerance power supply 3.3 v +/- 5% dissipation 6w (max) consumption 1808 ma 5.97 w management dynamic standby less than 990 mw central processing unit clock speed 133 mhz instruction length variable (2 to 23 bytes); compressed instruction set arithmetic and logical ops, load/store ops., special multimedia and dsp ops., ieee-compliant ?oating point ops. issue slots 5 functional units 27, pipelined integer and ?oating-point arithmetic units, data-parallel dsp-like units name quantity latency recovery constant 5 1 1 integer alu 5 1 1 memory load/store 2 3 1 shift 2 1 1 dspalu 2 2 1 dsp multiply 2 3 1 branch 3 3 1 ?oat alu 2 3 1 integer/?oat mul 2 3 1 ?oat compare 1 1 1 ?oat sqrt./divide 1 17 16 registers 128 (32-bit width) special multimedia/ total 32 ops dsp operations memory system speed 66/80/100/133 mhz cpu/memory programmable; 1:1, 5:4, 4:3, 3:2, and 2:1 speed ratios memory size 512 kb to 64 mb (up to four ranks) supported types 16-mbit sdram (x4, x8, x16); sgram (x32); 64-mbit sdram (x32) width 32-bit bus max. bandwidth 532 mb/sec (at 133 mhz) interface glueless up to 4 16-mbit or 2 64-mbit chips at 133 mhz; more chips with slower clock and/or external buffers signal levels 3.3 v lvttl caches access data 8-, 16-, 32-bit word instruction 64 bytes associativity 8-way set-associative with lru replacement block size 64 bytes size data 16 kb instruction 32 kb internal data highway protocol 64-byte block-transfer separate 32-bit data and 32-bit address buses pci interface speed 33 mhz bus width 32-bit address space 32 bits (4 gb) voltage drive and receive at 3.3v or 5v standard compliance pci local bus speci?cation 2.1 video in supported signals ccir 601/656 8-bit video up to 19 mpix/sec raw 8-10-bit data (messages) up to 38 mb/sec image sizes all sizes, subject to sample rate functions programmable on-the-?y 2x horizontal resolution subsampling enhanced video out image sizes ?exible, including ccir601; maximum 4k x 4k pixels (subject to 80 mb/sec data rate) input formats yuv 4:2:2, yuv 4:2:0 output formats ccir601/656 8-bit video, pal or ntsc clock rates programmable (4-80 mhz), typically 27 mb/sec (13.5 mpixels/sec for ntsc, pal) transfer speeds 80 mb/sec in data-streaming and message-passing modes; 40 mpix/sec in yuv 4:2:2 mode functions full 129-level alpha blending, genlock mode, frame synchronization, chroma key, programmable yuv color clipping audio in / audio out number of channels 2 input; 8 output sample size 8- or 16-bit samples per channel sample rates 1 hz to 100 khz programmable with 0.001 hz resolution data formats 8-bit mono and stereo; 16-bit mono and stereo pc standard memory data format external interface 4 pins each: 1 programmable clock output, 3 ?exible serial input (ai) or output (ao) interface clock source internal or external native protocol i 2 s and other serial 3-wire protocols
robust software development environment the trimedia software development environment (sde) includes a full suite of system software tools to compile and debug code, analyze and optimize performance, and simulate execution for the tm-1100 processor. by enabling development of multimedia applications entire- ly in the c and c++ programming languages, the sde dramatically lowers development costs, reduces time-to-market, and ensures code portability to next generation architecture. trimedia real-time operating system kernels for multimedia applications requiring system resource and task management, the tm-1100 media processor supports the psos+ ? embedded real-time operating system kernels. developed by integrated systems, inc. (isi), the psos+ kernels are optimized to deliver the deterministic response essential for multimedia applications. multimedia application development entirely in c and c++ by enabling development of multimedia applications entirely in the c and c++ programming languages, the sde dramatically lowers development costs, reduces time-to-market, and ensures code portability to next gen- eration architecture.
internal i/o requirements of its target applications, the tm-1100 couples substantial on-chip caches with a glueless memory interface. dedicated instruction and data cache tm-1100s cpu is supported by separate, dedicated on-chip data and instruction caches. even without a second-level cache structure, trimedia caches deliver media performance an order of magnitude greater than x86 processors. the dual-ported data cache allows two simultaneous accesses. it is non-blocking, thus cache misses and cpu cache accesses can be han- dled simultaneously. early restart techniques reduce read-miss latency. background copyback reduces cpu stalls. to reduce internal bus bandwidth requirements, instructions in main memory and cache use a compressed format. the compressed instruc- tion format improves the cache hit rate and reduces bus bandwidth. instructions are compressed during compilation and decompressed in the instruction cache before being processed by the cpu. to improve cache behavior and thus performance, both caches have a locking mechanism. cache coherency is maintained by software. glueless memory system interface tm-1100s glueless main memory interface couples the on-chip caches and multimedia peripheral units to main memory (sdram). it acts as the sdram controller and programmable central arbiter that allocates sdram memory bandwidth for on-chip peripheral unit activities. higher bandwidth sdram permits tm-1100 to use a narrower and simpler interface than would be required to achieve similar performance with standard dram. the tm-1100 memory interface provides suf?cient capacity to drive a memory system consisting of up to 133-mhz, 8-mb (four 2mx8) or 16-mb (two 2mx32) sdrams. larger memories can be imple- mented by using lower memory system clock frequencies or external buffers. programmable speed ratios allow sdram to have a different clock speed than the tm-1100 cpu. support for a variety of memory types, speeds, bus widths, and off-chip bank sizes allow a range of tm-1100-based systems to be con?gured. high-speed internal bus ( data highway ) the memory system interface also mediates bandwidth allocation of the tm-1100s on-chip central data highway. a high-speed internal bus consisting of separate 32-bit address and data buses, the data high- way connects the cpu and all on-chip i/o and coprocessing units to external sdram (through the memory interface) and to an off-chip pci or xio bus (through the pci/xio interface). programmable bandwidth enables the data highway to deliver real-time responsive- ness in a variety of multimedia applications. result source register 1 source register 2 a b c d |a-e| + |b-f| + |c-g| + |d-h| e f g h 31 0 31 0 31 0 ume8uu: sum of absolute values of unsigned 8-bit differences dspalu functional unit destination register special multimedia operations the ume8uu operation, commonly used for motion estimation in video compression, implements 11 simple operations in one trimedia special op. tm-1100 is designed for use as a coprocessor in a pc-hosted environment or as the sole cpu in standalone systems. host-assisted coprocessor standalone sdram audio audio camera vcr tv monitor pci / xio bus host cpu memory graphics card rgb image sequences sdram audio audio camera vcr tv monitor pci / xio bus rom/flash bus arbiter peripheral peripheral
multimedia i/o and coprocessing units video input the video input (vi) unit reads digital video data- streams from an off-chip source into main memory. the vi unit accepts input from ccir656-compliant devices that output 8-bit parallel, 4:2:2 yuv time-multiplexed video data, such as digital video cameras, digital video decoders, or devices connected through ecl- level converters to the standard d1 parallel interface. after input, yuv data is demultiplexed, subsampled as needed, and written to sdram. the vi unit can be programmed to perform on-the-?y 2x hori- zontal resolution subsampling. this enables high-resolution images (640- or 720-pixels/line) to be captured and converted to 320- or 360-pixels/line without burdening the cpu. when lower resolution video is eventually desirable, performing subsampling during data cap- ture reduces initial storage and bus bandwidth requirements. the vi unit can receive raw data and unidirectional messages from another tm-1100s video out port. enhanced video output the enhanced video out (evo) unit outputs a digital yuv datastream to off-chip video subsystems such as a digital video encoder chip, digital video recorder, or other ccir656- compatible device. the output signal is generated by gathering bits from the separate y, u, and v data structures in sdram. the evo unit can either supply or receive video clock and/or synchronizing signals from the external interface. clock and timing registers can be precisely controlled through programmable registers. programmable interrupts and dual buffers facilitate continuous data streaming by allowing the cpu to set up a buffer while another is being emptied by the evo unit. while generating the multiplexed stream, the evo unit can perform programmed tasks, including optional horizontal 2x upscaling to con- vert from cif/sif to ccir 601 resolution. for simultaneous display of graphics and live video, the evo unit can perform 129-level alpha blending to generate sophisticated graphics overlays of arbitrary size and position within the output image. chroma keying, genlock frame synchronization, and programmable yuv output clipping are also supported. the evo unit can also pass raw data and unidirectional messages to another trimedia processor. audio input and audio output together the audio input (ai) and audio output (ao) units provide all signals needed to interface to most high-quality, low-cost serial audio d/a and a/d converters. both audio units are highly programmable, providing tremendous ?exibility in developing custom datastream handling, adapting to custom proto- cols, and upgrading to support future audio standards. the audio peripheral units connect to off-chip stereo converters through ?exible bit-serial interfaces. the ai unit supports one or two channels of audio input; the ao unit delivers up to eight channels of on-chip multimedia i/o & coprocessing units to streamline data throughput, tm-1100s independent dma-driven peripheral units manage i/o, format video, audio, graphics, and communications datastreams, and perform operations speci?c to key multimedia algorithms.
output. eight-bit mono and stereo and 16-bit mono and stereo pc standard memory data formats are supported. the ao unit can be used to control highly integrated pc codecs. driven by tm-1100, the programmable audio sampling clock sup- ports rates from 1 hz to 100 khz. high resolution of .001 hz gives programmers subtle control over sampling frequency enabling audio and video synchronization in even the most complex con?gurations. image coprocessor the image coprocessor (icp) of?oads the trimedia cpu of several image processing and manipulation tasks such as copying an image from sdram to a hosts video frame buffer. the icp can operate as either a memory-to-memory or a memory-to- pci coprocessor device. in memory-to-memory mode, the icp can perform horizontal or vertical image ?ltering and scaling. in memory- to-pci modes, it can perform horizontal scaling and ?ltering followed by yuv to rgb color-space conversion for screen display. the icp also provides display support for live video in overlapping windows. the number and sizes of windows processed are limited only by available bandwidth. the ?nal resampled and converted image pix- els are transmitted over the pci/xio bus to an optional off-chip graphics card/frame buffer. variable length decoder tm-1100s variable length decoder (vld) unit of?oads the cpu of decoding huffman-encoded video datastreams such as mpeg-1 and mpeg-2. it reads video streams from sdram and outputs a decoded stream optimized for mpeg-2 decompression software. this minimizes communications with the cpu where other portions of mpeg processing are performed. dvd descrambler the tm-1100 processors digital versatile disc descrambler unit provides dvd authentication and descrambling functions internally. these features enables developers to add low-cost, ?exible dvd-video playback functions in pc and standalone applica- tions with a minimum of effort. i2c interface tm-1100s i 2 c interface unit provides an external i 2 c or compatible interface for use in hardware or software mode. in hardware mode, it can be used to connect and control a variety of i 2 c multimedia devices. this allows tm-1100 to con?gure and inspect status of peripheral video devices such as digital decoders and encoders, digital cameras, parallel i/o expanders and more. i 2 c software operation mode enables full control of the i 2 c interface through software. the i 2 c interface is also used to read the boot pro- gram from an off-chip eeprom. synchronous serial interface tm-1100s synchronous serial interface (ssi) unit provides serial access for a variety of multimedia applications, such as video phones or videoconferencing, and for gen- eral data communications in pc-based systems. the ssi unit contains all the buffers and logic necessary to interface with simple analog modem front ends. when used with the trimedia v.34 software library, the ssi unit provides fully v.34-compliant modem capability. alternatively, it can be connected to an isdn interface chip to pro- vide advanced digital modem capabilities. timers the tm-1100 provides four general purpose timers useful for counting/timing events such as cpu clock cycles, data /instruction breakpoints, cache tracing, audio/video clocks, and more. three timers are available to programmers, the fourth is reserved for system software. each timer has a value that can be continuously inspected as needed for an application and an associated modulus that can be used to gen- erate an interrupt when the timers value reaches the modulus. high-speed pci/xio bus interface tm-1100s pci/xio inter- face unit connects the cpu and on-chip i/o and coprocessing units to a pci/xio bus. in embedded applications where tm-1100 is the main processor, this interface enables the tm-1100 to access off-chip devices that implement functions not provided by on-chip peripherals. in pc-based applications, the pci/xio interface connects tm-1100 to a standard pci bus, allowing it to be placed directly on the pc mainboard or on a plug-in card. for low-cost standalone systems, xio allows glueless connection of 8-bit x86 or 68k peripheral devices such as rom, flash, eeprom, uarts, etc.
tm-1100 speci?cations image coprocessor functions horizontal or vertical scaling and ?ltering of individual y, u, or v horizontal scaling and ?ltering with color conversion and overlay: - yuv to rgb - rgb overlay and alpha blending - bit mask blanking scaling programmable scale factor (0.2x to 10x) filtering 32-polyphase, each instance 5-tap, fully programmable ?lter coef?cients performance horizontal scaling and ?ltering: 80 mb/sec vertical scaling and ?ltering: 30 mb/sec horizontal scaling and ?ltering with color conversion: 33 mpixels/sec peak for rgb output; 50 mpixels/sec peak for yuv 4:2:2 output vld function parses mpeg-1 and mpeg-2 elementary bitstreams generating run-level pairs and ?lling in macroblock header external interface none dvd descrambler functions authentication; descrambling external interface none i 2 c interface supported modes single master only addressing 7- and 10-bit rates up to 400 kbps external interface 2 pins: 1 serial data, 1 clock synchronous serial interface data formats variable slots/frame frame sync external or internal clock source separate transmit, receive, frame sync transmit/receive clocks external source automatic frame sync error detection settable edge polarity for transmit, receive, and frame sync external interface 6 pins (2 can be used for tip and ring for phone connections); compatible with a majority of telecom devices can be con?gured with multiple chips timers number 4 width 32-bits sources external clock, (prescaled) cpu clock, data or instruction breakpoints, cache events, video in/out clocks, audio in/out word strobe, v.34 receive/transmit frame sync for more information contact: philips semiconductors trimedia business line 811 east arques avenue m/s 71, sunnyvale ca 94088-3409 ph 800-914-9239 (north america), 408-991-3838 (worldwide) fx 408-991-3300, e-mail info@trimedia.sv.sc.philips.com website www.trimedia.philips.com internet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com ?1998 philips electronics north america corporation. all rights are reserved. reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. trimedia and the trimedia design are trademarks of philips electronics north america corporation. psos, psos+, and psos+m are trademarks of integrated systems, inc. other brands and products are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. the information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation of contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. no liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequences of its use. publication thereof does not convey or imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. printed in the netherlands. date of release: september 1998 pub. no.: 9397-750-03177 middle east: see italy netherlands: tel. +31 40 27 82785, fax. +31 40 27 88399 new zealand: tel. +64 9 849 4160, fax. +64 9 849 7811 norway: tel. +47 22 74 8000, fax. +47 22 74 8341 philippines: tel. +63 2 816 6380, fax. +63 2 817 3474 poland: tel. +48 22 612 2831, fax. +48 22 612 2327 portugal: see spain romania: see italy russia: tel. +7 095 755 6918, fax. +7 095 755 6919 singapore: tel. +65 350 2538, fax. +65 251 6500 slovakia: see austria slovenia: see italy south africa: tel. +27 11 470 5911, fax. +27 11 470 5494 south america: tel. +55 11 821 2333, fax. +55 11 821 2382 spain: tel. +34 3 301 6312, fax. +34 3 301 4107 sweden: tel. +46 8 632 2000, fax. +46 8 632 2745 switzerland: tel. +41 1 488 2686, fax. +41 1 488 3263 taiwan: tel. +886 2 2134 2865, fax. +886 2 2134 2874 thailand: tel. +66 2 745 4090, fax. +66 2 398 0793 turkey: tel. +90 212 279 2770, fax. +90 212 282 6707 ukraine: tel. +380 44 264 2776, fax. +380 44 268 0461 united kingdom: tel. +44 181 730 5000, fax. +44 181 754 8421 united states: tel. +1 800 234 7381 uruguay: see south america vietnam: see singapore yugoslavia: tel. +381 11 625 344, fax. +381 11 635 777 for all other countries apply to: philips semiconductors, international marketing & sales communications, building be-p, p.o. box 218, argentina: see south america australia: tel. +61 2 9805 4455 fax. +61 2 9805 4466 austria: tel. +43 1 60 1010, fax. +43 1 60 101 1210 belarus: tel. +375 172 200 733, fax. +375 172 200 773 belgium: see the netherlands brazil: see south america bulgaria: tel. +359 2 689 211, fax. +359 2 689 102 canada: tel. +1 800 234 7381 china/hong kong: tel. +852 2319 7888, fax. +852 2319 7700 colombia: see south america czech republic: see austria denmark: tel. +45 32 88 2636, fax. +45 31 57 0044 finland: tel. +358 9 615800, fax. +358 9 61580920 france: tel. +33 1 40 99 6161, fax. +33 1 40 99 6427 germany: tel. +49 40 23 53 60, fax. +49 40 23 536 300 greece: tel. +30 1 4894 339/239, fax. +30 1 4814 240 hungary: see austria india: tel. +91 22 493 8541, fax. +91 22 493 0966 indonesia: see singapore ireland: tel. +353 1 7640 000, fax. +353 1 7640 200 israel: tel. +972 3 645 0444, fax. +972 3 649 1007 italy: tel. +39 2 6752 2531, fax. +39 2 6752 2557 japan: tel. +81 3 3740 5130, fax. +81 3 3740 5077 korea: tel. +82 2 709 1412, fax. +82 2 709 1415 malaysia: tel. +60 3 750 5214, fax. +60 3 757 4880 mexico: tel. +9-5 800 234 7381 5600 md eindhoven, the netherlands, fax. +31 40 27 24825 philips semiconductors - a worldwide company
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