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tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 1 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 features regulated 3.3-v output voltage from a 1.8-v to 3.6-v input voltage range ultralow operating current in snooze mode, typical 2 m a with up to 2-ma output current less than 5-mv (pp) output voltage ripple achieved with push-pull topology integrated low-battery and power-good detector switching frequency can be synchronized to external clock signal extends battery usage with up to 90% efficiency and 35- m a quiescent current easy-to-design, low cost, low emi power supply since no inductors are used compact converter solution in ultrasmall 10-pin msop with only four external capacitors required evaluation module available (tps60210evm-167) applications replaces dc/dc converters with inductors in battery-powered applications like: two battery cells to 3.3-v conversion msp430 ultralow-power microcontroller and other battery powered microprocessor systems glucose meters and other medical instruments mp3 portable audio players backup-battery boost converters cordless phones, pdas description the tps6021x step-up, regulated charge pumps generate a 3.3-v 4% output voltage from a 1.8-v to 3.6-v input voltage. these devices are typically powered by two alkaline, nicd, or nimh battery cells or by one primary lithium mno2 (or similar) coin cell and operate down to a minimum supply voltage of 1.6 v. continuous output current is a minimum of 100 ma for the tps60210 and tps60211, and 50 ma for the tps60212 and tps60213, all from a 2-v input. figure 1. typical application circuit with low-battery warning output 3.3 v input 1.6 v to 3.6 v on/off c1 1 m f c2 1 m f c o 2.2 m f c i 2.2 m f r1 r2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r3 low battery warning in c1 c1+ lbi tps60210 out c2 c2+ lbo gnd snooze tps60210 peak output current vs input voltage 150 100 50 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 200 250 350 3.2 3.6 300 v i input voltage v i output current ma o copyright ? 2000, texas instruments incorporated please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of texas instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. production data information is current as of publication date. products conform to specifications per the terms of texas instruments standard warranty. production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 2 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 description (continued) three operating modes can be programmed using the snooze pin. when snooze is low, the device is put into snooze mode. in snooze mode, the device operates with a typical quiescent current of 2 m a while the output voltage is maintained at 3.3 v 6%. this is lower than the self-discharge current of most batteries. load current in snooze mode is limited to 2 ma. when snooze is high, the device is put into normal operating mode. during normal operating mode, the device operates in the newly developed linskip mode where it switches seamlessly from the power saving pulse-skip mode at light loads to the low-noise constant-frequency linear-regulation mode once the output current exceeds the linskip current threshold of about 7 ma. in this mode, the device operates from the internal oscillator. the device is synchronized to an external clock signal if snooze is clocked; thus switching harmonics can be controlled and minimized. only four external capacitors are needed to build a complete low-ripple dc/dc converter. the push-pull operating mode of two single-ended charge pumps assures the low output voltage ripple as charge is continuously transferred to the output. all the devices can start with full load current. the devices include a low-battery detector that issues a warning if the battery voltage drops below a user-defined threshold voltage or a power-good detector that goes active when the output voltage reaches about 90% of its nominal value. this dc/dc converter requires no inductors; therefore, emi of the system is reduced to a minimum, making it easier to use in designs. it is available in the small 10-pin msop package (dgs). dgs packages 1 2 3 4 5 10 9 8 7 6 lbi gnd c1 c1+ out lbo snooze c2 in c2+ tps60210 tps60212 1 2 3 4 5 10 9 8 7 6 gnd gnd c1 c1+ out pg snooze c2 in c2+ tps60211 tps60213 available options t a part number 2 marking dgs package output current (ma) output voltage (v) device features tps60210dgs afd 100 3.3 low-battery detector 40 cto85 c tps60211dgs afe 100 3.3 power-good detector 40 c to 85 c tps60212dgs aff 50 3.3 low-battery detector tps60213dgs afg 50 3.3 power-good detector 2 the dgs package is available taped and reeled. add r suffix to device type (e.g., tps60210dgsr) to order quantities of 3000 devices per reel.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 3 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 functional block diagrams tps60210 and tps60212 with low-battery detector _ + oscillator control circuit _ + + v ref _ + + shutdown/ start-up control 0.8 x v in + v ref lbi gnd lbo snooze charge pump 1 c1+ c1 c1 c2+ c2 out c2 in charge pump 2 0 180 tps60211 and tps60213 with power-good detector _ + oscillator control circuit _ + + v ref _ + + shutdown/ start-up control 0.8 x v in + v ref gnd pg snooze charge pump 1 c1+ c1 c1 c2+ c2 out c2 in charge pump 2 0 180
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 4 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 terminal functions terminal i/o description name no. i/o description c1+ 4 positive terminal of the flying capacitor c1 c1 3 negative terminal of the flying capacitor c1 c2+ 6 positive terminal of the flying capacitor c2 c2 8 negative terminal of the flying capacitor c2 gnd 2 ground in 7 i supply input. bypass in to gnd with a capacitor of a minimum of 2.2 m f. lbi/gnd 1 i low-battery detector input for tps60210 and tps60212. a low-battery warning is generated at the lbo pin when the voltage on lbi drops below the threshold of 1.18 v. connect lbi to gnd or vbat if the low-battery detector function is not used. for the devices tps60211 and tps60213, this pin is a ground (gnd pin). lbo/pg 10 o open-drain low-battery detector output for tps60210 and tps60212. this pin is pulled low if the voltage on lbi drops below the threshold of 1.18 v. a pullup resistor should be connected between lbo and out or any other logic supply rail that is lower than 3.6 v. open-drain power-good detector output for tps60211 and tps60213. as soon as the voltage on out reaches about 90% of its nominal value, this pin goes active high. a pullup resistor should be connected between pg and out or any other logic supply rail that is lower than 3.6 v. out 5 o regulated 3.3-v power output. bypass out to gnd with the output filter capacitor c o . snooze 9 i three operating modes can be programmed with the snooze pin. snooze = low programs the device in the snooze mode, enabling ultralow operating current while still maintaining the output voltage to within 3.3 v 6%. snooze = high programs the device into normal operation mode where it runs from the internal oscillator. if an external clock signal is applied to the snooze pin, the charge pump operates synchronized to the frequency of the external clock signal. detailed description operating principle the tps6021x charge pumps provide a regulated 3.3-v output from a 1.6-v to 3.6-v input. they deliver a minimum 100-ma load current while maintaining the output at 3.3 v 4%. designed specifically for space critical battery-powered applications, the complete converter requires only four external capacitors. the device is using the push-pull topology to achieve the lowest output voltage ripple. the converter is also optimized for a very small board space. it makes use of small-sized capacitors, with the highest output current rating per output capacitance. the tps6021x circuits consist of an oscillator, a voltage reference, an internal resistive feedback circuit, an error amplifier, two charge-pump power stages with high-current mosfet switches, a shutdown/start-up circuit, and a control circuit (see functional block diagrams). push-pull operating mode the two single-ended charge-pump power stages operate in the push-pull operating mode (i.e., they operate with a 180 c phase shift). each single-ended charge pump transfers a charge into its flying capacitor (c1 or c2) in one-half of the period. during the other half of the period (transfer phase), the flying capacitor is placed in series with the input to transfer its charge to the load and output capacitor (c o ). while one single-ended charge pump is in the charge phase, the other one is in the transfer phase. this operation ensures that there is a continuous flow of charge to the load, hence the output capacitor no longer needs to buffer the load current for half of the switching cycle, avoiding the high, inherent output voltage ripple of conventional charge pumps. in order to provide a regulated output voltage of 3.3 v, the tps6021x devices operate either in constant-frequency linear-regulation control mode or in pulse-skip mode. the mode is automatically selected based on the output current. if the load current is low, the controller switches into the power-saving pulse-skip mode to boost efficiency at low output power.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 5 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 detailed description (continued) constant-frequency mode when the output current is higher than the linskip current threshold, the charge pump runs continuously at the switching frequency f osc . the control circuit, fed from the error amplifier, controls the charge on c1 and c2 by regulating the r ds(on) of the integrated mosfet switches. when the output voltage decreases, the r ds(on) decreases as well, resulting in a larger voltage across the flying capacitors c1 and c2. this regulation scheme minimizes output ripple. since the device switches continuously, the output ripple contains well-defined frequency components, and the circuit requires smaller external capacitors for a given output ripple. however, constant-frequency mode, due to higher operating current, is less efficient at light loads. for this reason, the device switches seamlessly into the pulse-skip mode when the output current drops below the linskip current threshold. pulse-skip mode the device enters the pulse-skip mode when the load current drops below the linskip current threshold of about 7 ma. in pulse-skip mode, the controller disables switching of the power stages when it detects an output voltage higher than 3.3 v. it skips switching cycles until the output voltage drops below 3.3 v. then the controller reactivates the oscillator and switching of the power stages starts again. a 30-mv output voltage offset is introduced in this mode. the pulse-skip regulation mode minimizes operating current because it does not switch continuously and deactivates all functions except the voltage reference and error amplifier when the output is higher than 3.3 v. even in pulse-skip mode the r ds(on) of the mosfets is controlled. this way the energy per switching cycle that is transferred by the charge pump from the input to the output is limited to the minimum that is necessary to sustain a regulated output voltage, with the benefit that the output ripple is kept to a minimum. when switching is disabled in pulse-skip mode, the load is isolated from the input. start up, snooze mode, short circuit protection during start-up (i.e., when voltage is applied to the supply pin in) the input is connected to the output until the output voltage reaches 0.8 x v i . when the start-up comparator detects this limit, the actual charge pump output stages are activated to boost the voltage higher than the input voltage. this precharging of the output current with a limited current ensures a short start-up time and avoids high inrush currents into an empty output capacitor. driving snooze low, programs the device into the snooze mode. in this mode, the converter will still maintain the output voltage at 3.3 v 6%. the operating current in snooze mode, is however, drastically reduced to a typical value of 2 m a, while the output current is limited to a maximum of 2 ma. if the load current increases above 2 ma, the controller recognizes a further drop of the output voltage and the device enters the start-up mode to bring the voltage up to its nominal value again. however, it does not switch into the normal operating mode. the device limits short circuit currents to typically 60 ma. synchronization to an external clock signal the operating frequency of the charge pump is limited to 400 khz in order to avoid troublesome interference problems in the sensitive 455-khz if band. the device can either run from the integrated oscillator, or an external clock signal can be used to drive the charge pump. the maximum frequency of the external clock signal is 800 khz. the switching frequency used internally to drive the charge pump power stages is half of the external clock frequency. the external clock signal is applied to the snooze -pin. the device will switch into the snooze mode if the signal on snooze is held low for more than 10 m s. when the load current drops below the linskip current threshold, the device enters the pulse-skip mode but stays synchronized to the external clock signal.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 6 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 detailed description (continued) low-battery detector (tps60210 and tps60212) the low-battery comparator trips at 1.18 v 5% when the voltage on pin lbi ramps down. the voltage v (trip) at which the low-battery warning is issued can be adjusted with a resistive divider as shown in figure 2. the sum of resistors r1 and r2 is recommended to be in the 100-k w to 1-m w range. lbo is an open drain output. an external pullup resistor to out, or any other voltage rail in the appropriate range, in the 100-k w to 1-m w range is recommended. during start-up, the lbo output signal is invalid for the first 500 m s. lbo is high impedance when the device is programmed into snooze mode. if the low battery function is not used, connect lbi to ground and leave lbo unconnected. when the device is programmed into snooze mode (snooze = low), the low-battery detector is disabled. v ( trip) 1.18 v 1 r1 r2 _ + + v ref v bat in r1 lbi r2 lbo r3 v o figure 2. programming of the low-battery comparator trip voltage a 100-nf ceramic capacitor should be connected in parallel to r2 if large line transients are expected. these voltage drops may inadvertently trigger the low-battery comparator and produce a wrong low-battery warning signal at the lbo pin. formulas to calculate the resistive divider for low-battery detection, with v lbi = 1.13 v to 1.23 v and the sum of resistors r1 and r2 equal 1 m w : r2 1m v lbi v bat r1 1m r2 (1) (2) formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum battery voltage: v bat(min) v lbi(min) r1 (min) r2 (max) r2 (max) v bat(max) v lbi(max) r1 (max) r2 (min) r2 (min) (3) (4)
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 7 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 detailed description (continued) table 1. recommended values for the resistive divider from the e96 series ( 1%) v in /v r1/k w r2/k w v trip(min) /v v trip(max) /v 1.6 267 750 1.524 1.677 1.7 301 681 1.620 1.785 1.8 340 649 1.710 1.887 1.9 374 619 1.799 1.988 2.0 402 576 1.903 2.106 power-good detector (tps60211 and tps60213) the power-good output is an open-drain output that pulls low when the output is out of regulation. when the output rises above 91% of its nominal voltage, the power-good output is released. when the device is programmed into snooze mode (snooze = low), the power-good detector is disabled and pg is high impedance. in normal operation, an external pullup resistor must be connected between pg and out, or any other voltage rail in the appropriate range. the pullup resistor should be in the 100-k w to 1-m w range. if the pg output is not used, it should remain unconnected. absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) 2 voltage range: in, out, snooze, lbi, lbo, pg to gnd 0.3 v to 3.6 v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c1+, c2+ to gnd 0.3 v to (v o + 0.3 v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c1, c2 to gnd 0.3 v to (v i + 0.3 v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . continuous total power dissipation see dissipation rating table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . continuous output current: tps60210, tps60211 150 ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tps60212, tps60213 75 ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . storage temperature range, t stg 55 c to 150 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maximum junction temperature, t j 150 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 stresses beyond those listed under aabsolute maximum ratingso may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under arecommended operating conditi onso is not implied. exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. dissipation rating table 1 free-air temperature package t a 25 c power rating derating factor above t a = 25 c t a = 70 c power rating t a = 85 c power rating dgs 424 mw 3.4 mw/ c 178 mw 136 mw the thermal resistance junction to ambient of the dgs package is r thja = 294 c/w. recommended operating conditions min nom max unit input voltage range, v i 1.6 3.6 v input capacitor, c i 2.2 m f flying capacitors, c1, c2 1 m f output capacitor, c o 2.2 m f operating junction temperature, t j 40 125 c
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 8 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 electrical characteristics at c i = 2.2 m f, c1 = c2 = 1 m f, c o = 2.2 m f, t a = 40 c to 85 c, v i = 2.4 v, snooze = v i (unless otherwise noted) parameter test conditions min typ max unit i o(max) maximum continuous out p ut current tps60210 and tps60211, v i = 2 v 100 ma i o(max) maximum continuous output current tps60212 and tps60213, v i = 2 v 50 ma 1.6 v < v i < 1.8 v, 0 < i o < 0.25 i o(max) 3 v out p ut voltage 1.8 v < v i < 2 v, 0 < i o < 0.5 i o(max) 3.17 3.3 3.43 v v o output voltage 2 v < v i < 3.3 v, 0 < i o < i o(max) 3.17 3.3 3.43 v v o 3.3 v < v i < 3.6 v, 0 < i o < i o(max) 3.17 3.3 3.47 v output voltage in snooze mode snooze = gnd, 1.8 v < v i < 3.6 v, i o < 2 ma 3.1 3.3 3.47 v v pp output voltage ripple i o = i o(max) 5 mv pp i (q) quiescent current (no-load input current) i o = 0 ma, v i = 1.8 v to 3.6 v 35 70 m a i (q) quiescent current in snooze mode snooze = gnd, i o = 0 ma 2 5 m a f (osc) internal switching frequency 200 300 400 khz f (sync) external clock signal frequency 400 600 800 khz external clock signal duty cycle 30% 70% v il snooze input low voltage v i = 1.6 v to 3.6 v 0.3 v i v v ih snooze input high voltage v i = 1.6 v to 3.6 v 0.7 v i v i lkg snooze input leakage current snooze = gnd or v i 0.01 0.1 m a linskip current threshold v i = 2 v to 3 v 7 ma out p ut load regulation v i = 2.4 v, 1 ma < i o < i o(max) , t c = 25 c 0.015 %/ma output load regulation v i = 2.4 v, 10 ma < i o < i o(max) , t c = 25 c 0.008 %/ma output line regulation 2 v < v i < 3.3 v, i o = 0.5 x i o(max) , t a = 25 c 0.28 %v i (sc) short circuit current v i = 2.4 v, v o = 0 v 60 ma electrical characteristics for low-battery comparator of devices tps60210 and tps60212 at t a = 40 c to 85 c, v i = 2.4 v and snooze = v i (unless otherwise noted) parameter test conditions min typ max unit v (lbi) lbi trip voltage v i = 1.6 v to 2.2 v, t c = 0 c to 70 c 1.13 1.18 1.23 v lbi trip voltage hysteresis for rising voltage at lbi 10 mv i i(lbi) lbi input current v (lbi) = 1.3 v 20 100 na v o(lbo) lbo output voltage low v (lbi) = 0 v, i (lbo) = 1 ma 0.4 v i lkg(lbo) lbo leakage current v (lbi) = 1.3 v, v (lbo) = 3.3 v 0.01 0.1 m a note: during start-up of the converter the lbo output signal is invalid for the first 500 m s. electrical characteristics for power-good comparator of devices tps60211 and tps60213 at t a = 40 c to 85 c, v i = 2.4 v and snooze = v i (unless otherwise noted) parameter test conditions min typ max unit v (pg) power-good trip voltage t c = 0 c to 70 c 0.87 v o 0.91 v o 0.95 v o v v hys(pg) power-good trip voltage hysteresis v o decreasing, t c = 0 c to 70 c 1% v o(pg) power-good output voltage low v o = 0 v, i (pg) = 1 ma 0.4 v i lkg(pg) power-good leakage current v o = 3.3 v, v (pg) = 3.3 v 0.01 0.1 m a note: during start-up of the converter the pg output signal is invalid for the first 500 m s.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 9 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 typical characteristics table of graphs figures h efficiency vs output current (tps60210 and tps60212) 3, 4 h efficiency vs input voltage 5 i o output current vs input voltage 6 v output voltage vs output current (tps60210 and tps60212) 7, 8 v o output voltage vs input voltage (tps60210 and tps60212) 9, 10 i quiescent supply current vs input voltage 11 i q quiescent supply current vs output current in snooze mode 12 v o output voltage vs time (exit from snooze mode) 13 v output voltage ripple vs time 14, 15, 16 v o output voltage ripple vs time in snooze mode 17, 18 load transient response 19 line transient response 20 note: all typical characteristics were measured using the typical application circuit of figure 21 (unless otherwise noted). figure 3 0.1 i o output current ma tps60210 efficiency vs output current 1 10 100 1000 v i = 2.4 v v i = 1.8 v v i = 2.7 v efficiency % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 figure 4 0.1 i o output current ma tps60212 efficiency vs output current efficiency % 1 10 100 v i = 1.8 v v i = 2.4 v v i = 2.7 v 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 10 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 typical characteristics figure 5 tps60210 efficiency vs input voltage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 v i input voltage v effi c i ency % i o = 50 ma figure 6 tps60210 peak output current vs input voltage 150 100 50 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 200 250 350 3.2 3.6 300 v i input voltage v i output current ma o figure 7 tps60210 output voltage vs output current 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 v o output voltage v v i = 1.8 v v i = 2.4 v v i = 2.7 v v i = 3.6 v i o output current ma 1 10 100 1000 figure 8 3 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 1 10 100 v i = 3.6 v v i = 2.7 v v i = 2.4 v v i = 1.8 v output voltage v tps60212 output voltage vs output current v o i o output current ma
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 11 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 typical characteristics figure 9 tps60210 output voltage vs input voltage 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.3 1 ma 50 ma 100 ma v o output voltage v v i input voltage v figure 10 tps60212 output voltage vs input voltage 3.15 3.10 3.05 3.00 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.20 3.25 3.35 3.2 3.6 3.30 1 ma 25 ma 50 ma v o output voltage v v i input voltage v figure 11 30 28 24 22 20 38 26 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 34 32 36 v input voltage v quiescent supply current vs input voltage 40 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 i quiescent current a m q i i o = 0 ma snooze = v i figure 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 quiescent supply current vs output current in snooze mode i o output current ma i quiescent current a m q v i = 2.4 v snooze = gnd
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 12 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 typical characteristics figure 13 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 snooze 350 400 450 500 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.4 t time ms output voltage v v o high low tps60210 output voltage vs time figure 14 t time m s tps60210 output voltage ripple vs time 050 3.22 3.24 3.34 3.38 3.36 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.28 545 40 35 30 25 10 15 20 output voltage v v o v i = 2.4 v i o = 1 m a figure 15 t time m s tps60210 output voltage ripple vs time 010 3.22 3.24 3.34 3.38 3.36 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.28 19 8 7 6 5 234 output voltage v v o v i = 2.4 v i o = 10 m a fi g ure 16 t time m s tps60210 output voltage ripple vs time 3.30 3.28 3.24 3.22 01 23456 3.34 3.36 3.38 78910 v i = 2.4 v i o = 100 m a 3.32 3.26 output voltage v v o
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 13 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 typical characteristics 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 3.5 3.6 tps60210 output voltage ripple in snooze mode vs time 3.7 700 800 900 1000 3.4 3 t time m s output voltage v v o v i = 2.4 v i o = 1 ma c o = 10 m f (tantalum) snooze = low fi g ure 17 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 3.5 3.6 tps60210 output voltage ripple in snooze mode vs time 3.7 700 800 900 1000 3.4 3 t time m s output voltage v v o v i = 2.4 v i o = 1 ma c o = 2.2 m f (ceramic) snooze = low figure 18 figure 19 tps60210 load transient response 100 ma 10 ma 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 output voltage v 3.26 3.28 3.30 350 400 450 500 3.24 v o output current ma i o t time m s v i = 2.4 v figure 20 tps60210 line transient response 3.30 3.26 2.2 v 0123456 3.32 78910 i o = 50 ma 3.28 2.8 v output voltage v v o input voltage v v i t time ms
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 14 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information capacitor selection the tps6021x devices require only four external capacitors to achieve a very low output voltage ripple. the capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current. low esr (< 0.1- w ) capacitors should be used at the input and output of the charge pump. in general, the transfer capacitors (c1 and c2) will be the smallest. a 1- m f value is recommended if full load current performance is needed. with smaller capacitor values, the maximum possible load current is reduced and the linskip threshold is lowered. the input capacitor improves system efficiency by reducing the input impedance. it also stabilizes the input current of the power source. the input capacitor should be chosen according to the power supply used, the distance from the power source to the converter ic. c i is recommended to be about two to four times as large as the flying capacitors c1 and c2. the minimum required capacitance is 2.2 m f. larger values will improve the load transient performance and will reduce the maximum output ripple voltage. the larger the output capacitor, the better the output voltage accuracy, and the more output current can be drawn from the converter when programmed into snooze mode. only ceramic capacitors are recommended for input, output and flying capacitors. depending on the material used to manufacture them, ceramic capacitors might lose their capacitance over temperature and voltage. ceramic capacitors of type x7r or x5r material will keep their capacitance over temperature and voltage, whereas z5u- or y5v-type capacitors will decrease in capacitance. table 1 lists recommended capacitor values.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 15 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information table 2. recommended capacitor values (ceramic x5r and x7r) load current, i load (ma) flying capacitors, c1/c2 ( m f) input capacitor, c in ( m f) output capacitor, c out ( m f) output voltage ripple in linear mode, v p-p (mv) output voltage ripple in skip mode, v p-p (mv) 0100 1 2.2 2.2 3 20 0100 1 4.7 4.7 3 10 0100 1 2.2 10 3 7 0100 2.2 4.7 4.7 3 10 050 0.47 2.2 2.2 3 20 025 0.22 2.2 2.2 5 15 010 0.1 2.2 2.2 5 15 table 3. recommended capacitor types manufacturer part number size capacitance type taiyo yuden umk212bj104mg 0805 0.1 m f ceramic y emk212bj224mg 0805 0.22 m f ceramic emk212bj474mg 0805 0.47 m f ceramic lmk212bj105kg 0805 1 m f ceramic lmk212bj225mg 0805 2.2 m f ceramic emk316bj225kl 1206 2.2 m f ceramic lmk316bj475kl 1206 4.7 m f ceramic jmk316bj106ml 1206 10 m f ceramic avx 0805zc105kat2a 0805 1 m f ceramic 1206zc225kat2a 1206 2.2 m f ceramic table 4. recommended capacitor manufacturers manufacturer capacitor type internet site taiyo yuden x7r/x5r ceramic http://www.tyuden.com/ avx x7r/x5r ceramic http://www.avxcorp.com/
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 16 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information typical operating circuit tps60210 output 3.3 v, 100 ma input 1.6 v to 3.6 v on/off c1 1 m f c2 1 m f c o 2.2 m f c i 2.2 m f r1 r2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r3 low battery warning in c1 c1+ lbi tps60210 out c2 c2+ lbo gnd snooze figure 21. typical operating circuit tps60210 with low-battery comparator output 3.3 v, 50 ma input 1.6 v to 3.6 v on/off c1 0.47 m f c2 0.47 m f c o 2.2 m f c i 2.2 m f r1 r2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r3 low battery warning in c1 c1+ lbi tps60212 out c2 c2+ lbo gnd snooze figure 22. typical operating circuit tps60212 with low-battery comparator the current losses through the resistive divider used to set the low-battery threshold can be avoided if an additional mosfet (like bss138) is used in series to the resistors. this switch is controlled using the snooze signal. when the snooze -signal is taken high, the device is programmed into normal operating mode, the switch will turn on and the resistive divider draws current to set the lbi threshold voltage. when snooze is taken low, the device is programmed into snooze mode during which the low-battery comparator is disabled. in addition, the resistive divider r1/r2 is disconnected from gnd and therefore draws no current from the battery. a typical schematic for this circuit is shown in figure 22.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 17 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information typical operating circuit tps60211 output 3.3 v, 100 ma input 1.6 v to 3.6 v on/off c1 1 m f c2 1 m f c o 2.2 m f c i 2.2 m f 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r1 power-good signal in c1 c1+ tps60211 out c2 c2+ pg gnd 1,2 snooze figure 23. typical operating circuit tps60211 with power-good comparator power dissipation the power dissipated in the tps6021x devices depends mainly on input voltage (v i ) and output current (i o ) and is approximated by: p (diss) i o x 2xv i v o for i (q) i o (5) by observing equation 5, it can be seen that the power dissipation is worse with a higher input voltage and a higher output current. for an input voltage of 3.6 v and an output current of 100 ma, the calculated power dissipation (p (diss) ) is 390 mw. this is also the point where the charge pump operates with its lowest efficiency. with the recommended maximum junction temperature of 125 c and an assumed maximum ambient operating temperature of 85 c, the maximum allowed thermal resistance junction to ambient of the system can be calculated. r ja(max) t j(max) t a p diss(max) 125 c 85 c 390 mw 102 c w (6) p diss must be less than that allowed by the package rating. the thermal resistance junction to ambient of the used 10-pin msop is 294 c/w for an unsoldered package. the thermal resistance junction to ambient with the ic soldered to a printed circuit using a board layout as described in the application information section, the r q ja is typically 200 c/w, which is higher than the maximum value calculated previously. however, in a battery powered application, both the v i and the ambient temperature (t a ) will typically be lower than the worst case ratings used in equation 6, and p diss should not be a problem in most applications. layout and board space careful board layout is necessary due to the high transient currents and switching frequency of the converter. all capacitors should be placed in close proximity to the device. a pcb layout proposal for a one-layer board is given in figure 24. an evaluation module for the tps60210 is available and can be ordered under product code tps60210evm167. the evm uses the layout shown in figure 26. the evm has the form factor of a 14-pin dual in-line package and can be mounted accordingly on a socket. all components, including the pins, are shown in figure 24. the actual size of the evm is 17,9 mm x 10,2 mm = 182,6 mm 2 .
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 18 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information layout and board space (continued) figure 24. recommended component placement and board layout 17,9 mm 10,2 mm c1 c2 c3 c4 r2 c5 r3 r4 r1 ic1 table 5. component identification ic1 tps60210 c1, c2 flying capacitors c3 input capacitor c4 output capacitor c5 stabilization capacitor for lbi r1, r2 resistive divider for lbi r3 pullup resistor for lbo r4 pullup resistor for en capacitor c5 should be included if large line transients are expected. this capacitor suppresses toggling of the lbo due to these line changes.
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 19 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 application information device family products other charge pump dc-dc converters from texas instruments are: table 6. product identification part number literature number description tps60100 slvs213 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 200-ma low-noise charge pump tps60101 slvs214 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 100-ma low-noise charge pump tps60110 slvs215 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 300-ma low-noise charge pump tps60111 slvs216 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 150-ma low-noise charge pump tps60120 slvs257 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 200-ma high-efficiency charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60121 slvs257 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 200-ma high-efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator tps60122 slvs257 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 100-ma high-efficiency charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60123 slvs257 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 100-ma high-efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator tps60130 slvs258 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 300-ma high-efficiency charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60131 slvs258 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 300-ma high-efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator tps60132 slvs258 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 150-ma high-efficiency charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60133 slvs258 3-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 150-ma high-efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator tps60140 slvs273 2-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 100-ma charge pump voltage tripler with low-battery comparator tps60141 slvs273 2-cell to regulated 5.0-v, 100-ma charge pump voltage tripler with power-good comparator tps60200 slvs274 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 100-ma low-ripple charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60201 slvs274 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 100-ma low-ripple charge pump with power-good comparator tps60202 slvs274 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 50-ma low-ripple charge pump with low-battery comparator tps60203 slvs274 2-cell to regulated 3.3-v, 50-ma low-ripple charge pump with power-good comparator
tps60210, tps60211, tps60212, tps60213 regulated 3.3 v, low-ripple charge pump with ultralow operating current slvs296 june 2000 20 post office box 655303 ? dallas, texas 75265 mechanical data dgs (s-pdso-g10) plastic small-outline package 0,69 0,41 0,25 0,15 nom gage plane 4073272/a 03/98 4,98 0,17 6 3,05 4,78 2,95 10 5 3,05 2,95 1 0,27 0,15 0,05 1,07 max seating plane 0,10 0,50 m 0,25 0 6 notes: a. all linear dimensions are in millimeters. b. this drawing is subject to change without notice. c. body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion.
important notice texas instruments and its subsidiaries (ti) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. all products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. ti warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with ti's standard warranty. testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent ti deems necessary to support this warranty. specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. customers are responsible for their applications using ti components. in order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. ti assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. ti does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of ti covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. ti's publication of information regarding any third party's products or services does not constitute ti's approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. copyright ? 2000, texas instruments incorporated

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