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general description the MAX9930?ax9933 low-cost, low-power logarith- mic amplifiers are designed to control rf power ampli- fiers (pa) and transimpedance amplifiers (tia), and to detect rf power levels. these devices are designed to operate in the 2mhz to 1.6ghz frequency range. a typi- cal dynamic range of 45db makes this family of logarith- mic amplifiers useful in a variety of wireless and gpon fiber video applications such as transmitter power mea- surement, and rssi for terminal devices. logarithmic amplifiers provide much wider measurement range and superior accuracy to controllers based on diode detec- tors. excellent temperature stability is achieved over the full operating range of -40? to +85?. the choice of three different input voltage ranges elimi- nates the need for external attenuators, thus simplifying pa control-loop design. the logarithmic amplifier is a voltage-measuring device with a typical signal range of -58dbv to -13dbv for the MAX9930/max9933, -48dbv to -3dbv for the max9931, and -43dbv to +2dbv for the max9932. the MAX9930?ax9933 require an external coupling capacitor in series with the rf input port. these devices feature a power-on delay when coming out of shutdown, holding out low for approximately 2.5? to ensure glitch-free controller output. the MAX9930?ax9933 family is available in an 8-pin ?ax package. these devices consume 7ma with a 5v supply, and when powered down, the typical shut- down current is 13?. applications rssi for fiber modules, gpon-catv triplexors low-frequency rf ook and ask applications transmitter power measurement and control tsi for wireless terminal devices cellular handsets (tdma, cdma, gprs, gsm) features complete rf-detecting pa controllers (MAX9930/max9931/max9932) complete rf detector (max9933) variety of input ranges MAX9930/max9933: -58dbv to -13dbv (-45dbm to 0dbm for 50 ? termination) max9931: -48dbv to -3dbv (-35dbm to +10dbm for 50 ? termination) max9932: -43dbv to +2dbv (-30dbm to +15dbm for 50 ? termination) 2mhz to 1.6ghz frequency range temperature stable linear-in-db response fast response: 70ns 10db step 10ma output sourcing capability low power: 17mw at 3v (typ) 13 a (typ) shutdown current available in a small 8-pin max package MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 MAX9930 max9931 max9932 + 1 2 3 4 v cc out n.c. gnd top view rfin shdn set clpf 8 7 6 5 max max9933 + 1 2 3 4 v cc out n.c. gnd rfin shdn gnd clpf 8 7 6 5 max pin configurations 19-0859; rev 0; 8/07 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. evaluation kit available block diagram located at end of data sheet. ordering information + denotes a lead-free package. t = tape and reel. part temp range pin- package pkg code MAX9930 eua+t -40 o c to +85 o c 8 ?ax-8 u8-1 max9931 eua+t -40 o c to +85 o c 8 ?ax-8 u8-1 max9932 eua+t -40 o c to +85 o c 8 ?ax-8 u8-1 max9933 eua+t -40 o c to +85 o c 8 ?ax-8 u8-1 ?ax is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc.
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings dc electrical characteristics (v cc = 3v, shdn = 1.8v, t a = -40 o c to +85 o c, c clpf = 100nf, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25?.) (note 1) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (voltages referenced to gnd.) v cc .......................................................................... -0.3v to +6v out, set, shdn , clpf ............................ -0.3v to (v cc + 0.3v) rfin MAX9930/max9933 .....................................................+6dbm max9931 ....................................................................+16dbm max9932 ....................................................................+19dbm equivalent voltage MAX9930/max9933................................................. 0.45v rms max9931 ....................................................................1.4v rms max9932 ....................................................................2.0v rms out short circuit to gnd ........................................ continuous continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 8-pin ?ax (derate 4.5mw/? above +70?) .............362mw operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? storage temperature range ............................-65? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300? parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage v cc 2.70 5.25 v supply current i cc v cc = 5.25v 7 12 ma shutdown supply current i cc shdn = 0.8v, v cc = 5v 13 ? shutdown output voltage v out shdn = 0.8v 1 mv logic-high threshold voltage v h 1.8 v logic-low threshold voltage v l 0.8 v shdn = 3v 5 30 shdn input current i shdn shdn = 0v -1 -0.01 ? main output (MAX9930/max9931/max9932) high, i source = 10ma 2.65 2.75 voltage range v out low, i sink = 350? 0.15 v output-referred noise from clpf 8 nv/ hz small-signal bandwidth bw from clpf 20 mhz slew rate v out = 0.2v to 2.6v from clpf 8 v/? set input (MAX9930/max9931/max9932) voltage range (note 2) v set corresponding to central 40db span 0.35 1.45 v input resistance r in 30 m ? slew rate (note 3) 16 v/? detector output (max9933) rfin = 0dbm 1.45 voltage range v out rfin = -45dbm 0.36 v small-signal bandwidth bw c clpf = 150pf 4.5 mhz slew rate v out = 0.36v to 1.45v, c clpf = 150pf 5 v/?
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 note 1: all devices are 100% production tested at t a = +25? and are guaranteed by design for t a = -40? to +85? as specified. note 2: typical value only, set-point input voltage range determined by logarithmic slope and logarithmic intercept. note 3: set-point slew rate is the rate at which the reference level voltage, applied to the inverting input of the g m stage, responds to a voltage step at the set pin (see figure 1). note 4: typical min/max range for detector. note 5: pin capacitance to ground. ac electrical characteristics (v cc = 3v, shdn = 1.8v, f rf = 2mhz to 1.6ghz, t a = -40? to +85?, c clpf = 100nf, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25?.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units rf input frequency range f rf 2 1600 mhz MAX9930/max9933 -58 -13 max9931 -48 -3 rf input voltage range (note 4) v rf max9932 -43 +2 dbv MAX9930/max9933 -45 0 max9931 -35 +10 equivalent power range (50 ? termination) (note 4) p rf max9932 -30 +15 dbm f rf = 2mhz, t a = +25? 25 27 29 f rf = 2mhz 24 27 30 f rf = 900mhz, t a = +25? 23.5 25.5 27.5 f rf = 900mhz 22.5 25.5 28.5 logarithmic slope v s f rf = 1600mhz 27 mv/db MAX9930/max9933 -61 -56 -52 max9931 -51 -46 -42 f rf = 2mhz, t a = +25? max9932 -46 -41 -37 MAX9930/max9933 -63 -56 -50 max9931 -53 -46 -40 f rf = 2mhz max9932 -48 -41 -35 MAX9930/max9933 -62 -59 -53 max9931 -53 -50 -44 f rf = 900mhz, t a = +25? max9932 -49 -45 -40 MAX9930/max9933 -64 -59 -51 max9931 -55 -50 -42 f rf = 900mhz max9932 -51 -45 -38 MAX9930/max9933 -62 max9931 -52 logarithmic intercept p x f rf = 1600mhz max9932 -47 dbm rf input interface dc resistance r dc connected to v cc 2k ? inband capacitance c ib internally dc-coupled (note 5) 0.5 pf
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9930 set vs. input power MAX9930 toc01 input power (dbm) set (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -60 10 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz MAX9930 log conformance vs. input power MAX9930 toc02 input power (dbm) error (db) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz MAX9930 set and log conformance vs. input power at 2mhz MAX9930 toc03 input power (dbm) set (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c MAX9930 set and log conformance vs. input power at 50mhz MAX9930 toc04 input power (dbm) set (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c MAX9930 set and log conformance vs. input power at 900mhz MAX9930 toc05 input power (dbm) set (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c MAX9930 set and log conformance vs. input power at 1.6ghz MAX9930 toc06 input power (dbm) set (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c MAX9930 log slope vs. frequency MAX9930 toc07 frequency (mhz) log slope (mv/db) 1500 1200 900 600 300 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 0 1800 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c MAX9930 log slope vs. v cc MAX9930 toc08 v cc (v) log slope (mv/db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz MAX9930 log intercept vs. frequency MAX9930 toc09 frequency (mhz) log intercept (dbm) 1200 800 400 -66 -64 -62 -60 -68 01600 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX9930 log intercept vs. v cc MAX9930 toc10 v cc (v) log intercept (dbm) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -69 -67 -65 -63 -61 -59 -57 -71 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz MAX9930 log conformance vs. temperature MAX9930 toc11 temperature ( c) error (db) 75 50 25 0 -25 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 -0.6 -50 100 input power = -22dbm f rf = 50mhz max9931 set vs. input power MAX9930 toc12 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -50 20 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz max9931 log conformance vs. input power MAX9930 toc13 input power (dbm) error (db) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -50 20 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz max9931 set and log conformance vs. input power at 2mhz MAX9930 toc14 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -50 20 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9931 set and log conformance vs. input power at 50mhz MAX9930 toc15 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -50 20 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9931 set and log conformance vs. input power at 900mhz MAX9930 toc16 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -50 20 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9931 set and log conformance vs. input power at 1.6ghz MAX9930 toc17 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -50 20 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9931 log slope vs. frequency MAX9930 toc18 frequency (mhz) log slope (mv/db) 1500 1200 900 600 300 24 25 26 27 28 29 23 0 1800 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) max9931 log slope vs. v cc MAX9930 toc19 v cc (v) log slope (mv/db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9931 log intercept vs. frequency MAX9930 toc20 frequency (mhz) log intercept (dbm) 1200 800 400 -52 -50 -48 -46 -54 0 1600 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9931 log intercept vs. v cc MAX9930 toc21 v cc (v) log intercept (mv/db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -60 -58 -56 -54 -52 -50 -48 -62 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9931 log conformance vs. temperature MAX9930 toc22 temperature ( c) error (db) 75 50 25 0 -25 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -50 100 input power = -12dbm f rf = 50mhz max9932 set vs. input power MAX9930 toc23 input power (dbm) set (v) 20 10 -30 -20 -10 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -40 1.6ghz 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz max9932 log conformance vs. input power MAX9930 toc24 input power (dbm) error (db) 10 0 -30 -20 -10 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -40 20 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz max9932 set and log conformance vs. input power at 2mhz MAX9930 toc25 input power (dbm) set (v) 20 10 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 max9932 set and log conformance vs. input power at 50mhz MAX9930 toc26 input power (dbm) set (v) 20 10 -30 -20 -10 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -40 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9932 set and log conformance vs. input power at 900mhz MAX9930 toc27 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -40 20 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 max9932 set and log conformance vs. input power at 1.6ghz MAX9930 toc28 input power (dbm) set (v) 10 0 -30 -20 -10 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -40 20 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9932 log slope vs. frequency MAX9930 toc29 frequency (mhz) log slope (mv/db) 1500 1200 900 600 300 24 25 26 27 28 29 23 0 1800 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9932 log slope vs. v cc MAX9930 toc30 v cc (v) log slope (mv/db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9932 log intercept vs. frequency MAX9930 toc31 frequency (mhz) log intercept (dbm) 1200 800 400 -46 -44 -42 -40 -48 01600 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9932 log intercept vs. v cc MAX9930 toc32 v cc (v) log intercept (dbm) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -53 -51 -49 -47 -45 -43 -41 -55 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9932 log conformance vs. temperature MAX9930 toc33 temperature ( c) error (db) 75 50 25 0 -25 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 -0.5 -50 100 input power = -10dbm f rf = 50mhz max9933 out vs. input power MAX9930 toc34 input power (dbm) out (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 -60 10 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz max9933 log conformance vs. input power MAX9930 toc35 input power (dbm) error (db) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 1.6ghz 900mhz 2mhz 50mhz max9933 output and log conformance vs. input power at 2mhz MAX9930 toc36 input power (dbm) out (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ max9933 output and log conformance vs. input power at 50mhz MAX9930 toc37 input power (dbm) out (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9933 output and log conformance vs. input power at 900mhz MAX9930 toc38 input power (dbm) out (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9933 output and log conformance vs. input power at 1.6ghz MAX9930 toc39 input power (dbm) out (v) 0 -10 -50 -40 -30 -20 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.2 error (db) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -60 10 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9933 log slope vs. frequency MAX9930 toc40 frequency (mhz) log slope (mv/db) 1500 1200 900 600 300 24 25 26 27 28 29 23 0 1800 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9933 log slope vs. v cc MAX9930 toc41 v cc (v) log slope (mv/db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9933 log intercept vs. frequency xMAX9930 toc42 frequency (mhz) log intercept (dbm) 1200 800 400 -62 -60 -58 -56 -54 -52 -64 0 1600 t a = -40 c t a = +25 c t a = +85 c max9933 log intercept vs. v cc MAX9930 toc43 v cc (v) log intercept (dbm) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -64 -62 -60 -58 -56 -54 -52 -66 2.5 5.5 2mhz 50mhz 900mhz 1.6ghz max9933 log conformance vs. temperature MAX9930 toc44 temperature ( c) error (db) 75 50 25 0 -25 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -50 100 input power = -22dbm f rf = 50mhz supply current vs. shdn voltage MAX9930 toc45 shdn (v) supply current (ma) 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -1 02.0 v cc = 5.25v typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 shdn power-on delay response time MAX9930 toc46 2 s/div out 1v/div 0v 0v shdn 500mv/div c clpf = 150pf shdn response time MAX9930 toc47 2 s/div out 500mv/div 0v 0v shdn 1v/div clpf = 150pf main output noise-spectral density MAX9930 toc48 frequency (hz) noise-spectral density (nv/ hz) 1k 10k 100k 1m 1000 10,000 100 100 10m max9933 clpf = 220pf maximum out voltage vs. v cc by load current MAX9930 toc49 v cc (v) out (v) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2.0 2.5 5.5 0ma 5ma 10ma large-signal pulse response MAX9930 toc50 10 s/div out 500mv/div rfin 250mv/div 900mv c clpf = 10,000pf f rf = 50mhz -2dbm -42dbm typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 3v, shdn = v cc , t a = +25?, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) pin description pin MAX9930/ max9931/ max9932 max9933 name function 1 1 rfin rf input 22 shdn shutdown. connect to v cc for normal operation. 3 set set-point input 4 4 clpf lowpass filter connection. connect external capacitor between clpf and gnd to set control-loop bandwidth. 5 3, 5 gnd ground 6 6 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 7 7 out pa gain-control output 88v cc supply voltage. bypass to gnd with a 0.1? capacitor. small-signal pulse response MAX9930 toc51 1 s/div out 75mv/div rfin 25mv/div 0v c clpf = 150pf f rf = 50mhz -24dbm -18dbm
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the MAX9930?ax9933 family of logarithmic ampli- fiers (log amps) comprises four main amplifier/limiter stages each with a small-signal gain of 10db. the out- put stage of each amplifier is applied to a full-wave rec- tifier (detector). a detector stage also precedes the first gain stage. in total, five detectors, each separated by 10db, comprise the log amp strip. figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the log amps. output- enabled delay det det det det 10db reference current offset comp shdn out *inverting voltage to current converter clpf set rfin gnd v cc det 10db 10db 10db x1 v-i* output- enabled delay det det det det 10db reference current offset comp shdn out clpf rfin gnd v cc det 10db 10db 10db x1 v-i* max9933 MAX9930 max9931 max9932 g m g m figure 1. functional diagram
MAX9930?ax9933 a portion of the pa output power is coupled to rfin of the logarithmic amplifier controller/detector, and is applied to the logarithmic amplifier strip. each detector cell outputs a rectified current and all cell currents are summed and form a logarithmic output. the detected output is applied to a high-gain g m stage, which is buffered and then applied to out. for the MAX9930/max9931/max9932, out is applied to the gain-control input of the pa to close the control loop. the voltage applied to set determines the output power of the pa in the control loop. the voltage applied to set relates to an input power level determined by the log amp detector characteristics. for the max9933, out is applied to an adc typically found in a base- band ic which, in turn, controls the pa biasing with the output (figure 2). extrapolating a straight-line fit of the graph of set vs. rfin provides the logarithmic intercept. logarithmic slope, the amount set changes for each db change of rf input, is generally independent of waveform or termi- nation impedance. the MAX9930/max9931/max9932 slope at low frequencies is about 25mv/db. variance in temperature and supply voltage does not alter the slope significantly as shown in the typical operating characteristics . the MAX9930/max9931/max9932 are specifically designed for use in pa control applications. in a control loop, the output starts at approximately 2.9v (with supply voltage of 3v) for the minimum input signal and falls to a value close to ground at the maximum input. with a por- tion of the pa output power coupled to rfin, apply a volt- age to set (for the MAX9930/max9931/max9932) and connect out to the gain-control pin of the pa to control its output power. an external capacitor from clpf to ground sets the bandwidth of the pa control loop. transfer function logarithmic slope and intercept determine the transfer function of the MAX9930?ax9933 family of log amps. the change in set voltage (out voltage for the max9933) per db change in rf input defines the loga- rithmic slope. therefore, a 10db change in rf input results in a 250mv change at set (out for the max9933). the log conformance vs. input power plots (see typical operating characteristics ) show the dynam- ic range of the log amp family. dynamic range is the range for which the error remains within a band of ?db. the intercept is defined as the point where the linear response, when extrapolated, intersects the y-axis of the log conformance vs. input power plot. using these parameters, the input power can be calculated at any set voltage level (out voltage level for the max9933) within the specified input range with the following equations: rfin = (set / slope) + ip (MAX9930/max9931/max9932) rfin = (out / slope) + ip (max9933) where set is the set-point voltage, out is the output voltage for the max9933, slope is the logarithmic slope (v/db), rfin is in either dbm or dbv and ip is the loga- rithmic intercept point utilizing the same units as rfin. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 v cc out n.c. gnd c clpf 50 ? 50 ? rfin shdn clpf gnd dac adc 0.01 f c c xx v cc pa baseband ic transmitter max9933 figure 2. max9933 typical application circuit 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ applications information controller mode (MAX9930/max9931/max9932) figure 3 provides a circuit example of the MAX9930/ max9931/max9932 configured as a controller. the MAX9930/max9931/max9932 require a 2.7v to 5.25v supply voltage. place a 0.1? low-esr, surface-mount ceramic capacitor close to v cc to decouple the supply. electrically isolate the rf input from other pins (espe- cially set) to maximize performance at high frequen- cies (especially at the high-power levels of the max9932). the MAX9930/max9931/max9932 require external ac-coupling. achieve 50 ? input matching by connecting a 50 ? resistor between the ac-coupling capacitor of rfin and ground. the MAX9930/max9931/max9932 logarithmic ampli- fiers function as both the detector and controller in power-control loops. use a directional coupler to couple a portion of the pa? output power to the log amp? rf input. for applications requiring dual-mode operation and where there are two pas and two directional cou- plers, passively combine the outputs of the directional couplers before applying to the log amp. apply a set- point voltage to set from a controlling source (usually a dac). out, which drives the automatic gain-control input of the pa, corrects any inequality between the rf input level and the corresponding set-point level. this is valid assuming the gain control of the variable gain ele- ment is positive, such that increasing out voltage increases gain. the out voltage can range from 150mv to within 250mv of the positive supply rail while sourcing 10ma. use a suitable load resistor between out and gnd for pa control inputs that source current. the typical operating characteristics has the maximum out voltage vs. v cc by load current graph that shows the sourcing capabilities and output swing of out. shdn and power-on the MAX9930?ax9933 can be placed in shutdown by pulling shdn to ground. shutdown reduces supply cur- rent to typically 13?. a graph of shdn response time is included in the typical operating characteristics . connect shdn and v cc together for continuous on operation. power convention expressing power in dbm, decibels above 1mw, is the most common convention in rf systems. log amp input levels specified in terms of power are a result of the following common convention. note that input power does not refer to power, but rather to input volt- age relative to a 50 ? impedance. use of dbv, decibels with respect to a 1v rms sine wave, yields a less ambiguous result. the dbv convention has its own pit- falls in that log amp response is also dependent on waveform. a complex input, such as cdma, does not have the exact same output response as the sinusoidal signal. the MAX9930?ax9933 performance specifi- cations are in both dbv and dbm, with equivalent dbm levels for a 50 ? environment. to convert dbv values into dbm in a 50 ? network, add 13db. for catv appli- cations, to convert dbv values to dbm in a 75 ? net- work, add 11.25db. table 1 shows the different input power ranges in different conventions for the MAX9930?ax9933. table 1. power ranges of the MAX9930 max9933 input power range part dbv dbm in a 50 ? network dbm in a 75 ? network MAX9930 -58 to -13 -45 to 0 -46.75 to -1.75 max9931 -48 to -3 -35 to +10 -36.75 to +8.25 max9932 -43 to +2 -30 to +15 -31.75 to +13.25 max9933 -58 to -13 -45 to 0 -46.75 to -1.75 v cc out n.c. gnd c clpf dac 50 ? rfin shdn clpf set 0.1 f rf input v cc c c xx antenna power amplifier MAX9930 max9931 max9932 figure 3. control mode application circuit block
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 filter capacitor and transient response in general, for the MAX9930/max9931/max9932, the choice of filter capacitor only partially determines the time-domain response of a pa control loop. however, some simple conventions can be applied to affect tran- sient response. a large filter capacitor, c clpf , domi- nates time-domain response, but the loop bandwidth remains a factor of the pa gain-control range. the bandwidth is maximized at power outputs near the cen- ter of the pa? range, and minimized at the low and high power levels, where the slope of the gain-control curve is lowest. a smaller valued c clpf results in an increased loop bandwidth inversely proportional to the capacitor value. inherent phase lag in the pa? control path, usually caused by parasitics at out, ultimately results in the addition of complex poles in the ac loop equation. to avoid this secondary effect, experimentally determine the lowest usable c clpf for the power amplifier of inter- est. this requires full consideration to the intricacies of the pa control function. the worst-case condition, where the pa output is smallest (gain function is steep- est) should be used because the pa control function is typically nonlinear. an additional zero can be added to improve loop dynamics by placing a resistor in series with c clpf . see figure 4 for the gain and phase response for different c clpf values. additional input coupling there are three common methods for input coupling: broadband resistive, narrowband reactive, and series attenuation. a broadband resistive match is implement- ed by connecting a resistor to ground at the external ac-coupling capacitor at rfin as shown in figure 5. a 50 ? resistor (use other values for different input imped- ances) in this configuration, in parallel with the input impedance of the MAX9930?ax9933, presents an input impedance of approximately 50 ? . these devices require an additional external coupling capacitor in series with the rf input. as the operating frequency increases over 2ghz, input impedance is reduced, resulting in the need for a larger-valued shunt resistor. use a smith chart for calculating the ideal shunt resis- tor value. refer to the max4000/max4001/max4002 data sheet for narrowband reactive and series attenua- tion input coupling. gain and phase vs. frequency MAX9930 fig04 frequency (hz) gain (db) phase (degrees) 10m 1m 10k 100k 1k 100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -100 -180 -135 -90 -45 0 45 90 135 180 -225 10 100m gain phase c clpf = 2000pf c clpf = 2000pf c clpf = 200pf c clpf = 200pf small-signal bandwidth vs. c clpf MAX9930 fig04 c clpf (pf) frequency (mhz) 1000 10,000 0.1 1 10 0.01 100 100,000 figure 4. gain and phase vs. frequency c in r s 50 ? v cc c c 50 ? r in rfin 50 ? source MAX9930 max9931 max9932 max9933 figure 5. broadband resistive matching
waveform considerations the MAX9930?ax9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers respond to voltage, not power, even though input levels are specified in dbm. it is important to realize that input signals with identical rms power but unique waveforms result in different log amp outputs. differing signal wave- forms result in either an upward or downward shift in the logarithmic intercept. however, the logarithmic slope remains the same; it is possible to compensate for known waveform shapes by baseband process. it must also be noted that the output waveform is generat- ed by first rectifying and then averaging the input signal. this method should not be confused with rms or peak- detection methods. layout considerations as with any rf circuit, the layout of the MAX9930 max9933 circuits affects performance. use a short 50 ? line at the input with multiple ground vias along the length of the line. the input capacitor and resistor should both be placed as close as possible to the ic. v cc should be bypassed as close as possible to the ic with multiple vias connecting the capacitor to the ground plane. it is recommended that good rf compo- nents be chosen for the desired operating frequency range. electrically isolate rf input from other pins (especially set) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high power levels of the max9932). MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ buffer gnd output- enable delay log detector x1 v-i* shdn v cc rfin set c clpf out buffer gnd output- enable delay log detector x1 v-i* *inverting voltage to current converter. shdn v cc rfin c clpf out max9933 MAX9930 max9931 max9932 g m block g m block block diagram chip information process: high-frequency bipolar
MAX9930?ax9933 2mhz to 1.6ghz 45db rf-detecting controllers and rf detector maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 15 2007 maxim integrated products is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. heaney package information (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) 8lumaxd.eps package outline, 8l umax/usop 1 1 21-0036 j rev. document control no. approval proprietary information title: max 0.043 0.006 0.014 0.120 0.120 0.198 0.026 0.007 0.037 0.0207 bsc 0.0256 bsc a2 a1 c e b a l front view side view e h 0.60.1 0.60.1 ?0.500.1 1 top view d 8 a2 0.030 bottom view 1 6 s b l h e d e c 0 0.010 0.116 0.116 0.188 0.016 0.005 8 4x s inches - a1 a min 0.002 0.95 0.75 0.5250 bsc 0.25 0.36 2.95 3.05 2.95 3.05 4.78 0.41 0.65 bsc 5.03 0.66 6 0 0.13 0.18 max min millimeters - 1.10 0.05 0.15 dim

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