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5-49 5 modulators and upconverters

rf micro devices, inc. 7625 thorndike road greensboro, nc 27409, usa tel (336) 664 1233 fax (336) 664 0454 http://www.rfmd.com si bjt gaas mesfet gaas hbt si bi-cmos sige hbt si cmos
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 vdd2 vdd1 pd i sig i ref q ref q sig rf out gnd2 gnd gnd gnd1 phase lo in power control +45 -45 RF2454

digital and spread spectrum systems gmsk, qpsk, dqpsk, qam modulation private mobile radio systems am, ssb, dsb modulation image-reject upconverters the RF2454 is a monolithic integrated universal modula- tion system capable of generating modulated am, pm, or compound carriers in the vhf and uhf frequency range. the ic contains all of the required components to imple- ment the modulation function including differential amplifi- ers for the baseband inputs, a 90 hybrid phase splitter, limiting lo amplifiers, two balanced mixers, a combining amplifier, and an output rf amplifier which will drive a 50 ? load. component matching, which can only be accomplished with monolithic construction, is used to full advantage to obtain excellent amplitude balance and high phase accuracy. the unit features low power consump- tion, single power supply operation and adjustment free operation with no external parts required to operate the part as specified. single 3v to 5v power supply low power and small size cmos compatible power down control excellent amplitude and phase balance low broadband noise floor 200mhz to 600mhz operation RF2454 vhf quadrature modulator RF2454 pcba fully assembled evaluation board rev a4 000710 .157 .150 .050 .016 8 max 0min .065 .043 .244 .228 .010 .007 .344 .337 .010 .004 .050 .018 .014 1 !"
5-50 RF2454 rev a4 000710 5 modulators and upconverters

absolute maximum ratings parameter rating unit supply voltage -0.5 to +7.5 v dc power down voltage -0.5 to v dd +0.4 v dc input lo and rf levels +10 dbm operating ambient temperature -40 to +85 c storage temperature -40 to +150 c parameter specification unit condition min. typ. max. lo input t=25c, v dd =5v dc , i&q inputs=2v pp frequency range 200 to 600 mhz power level -3 to +6 dbm input vswr 1.2:1 with external 50 ? termination; see applica- tion schematic, note a. input impedance 86-j242 63-j139 50-j106 ? at 200mhz, without external 50 ? termina- tion. at 400mhz, without external 50 ? termina- tion. at 600mhz, without external 50 ? termina- tion. modulation input frequency range dc to 100 mhz reference voltage (v ref ) 2.0 to 3.0 v modulation (i&q) v ref 0.7 v i & q signals for 0dbm output power. modulation (i&q) v ref 1.5 v i & q signals for +5dbm output power. maximum modulation (i&q) v ref 2.5 v in-phase and quadrature signals. input resistance 3000 ? dc offset 50 150 mv i sig -i ref and q sig -q ref ; to achieve maxi- mum carrier suppression. amplitude error (i/q) 0.2 db quadrature phase error 1 3 from 350mhz to 450mhz. rf output v dd =5v, lo power=0dbm, lo freq=400mhz, ssb, i&q input=0.7v pp output power -1 +1 +3 dbm output impedance 50 output vswr 1.5:1 broadband noise floor -140 dbm/hz sideband suppression 25 >40 db carrier suppression 18 25 >40 db modulation dc offset can be externally adjusted for optimum suppression. suppres- sion is typically better than 25db without adjustment. power down turn on/off time <100 ns pd input resistance >1 m ? power ?on? v cc v threshold voltage power ?off? 0 v threshold voltage power supply voltage 5 v specifications 3 to 5.5 v operating limits current 28 39 ma operating 0.5 2 ma power down caution! esd sensitive device. rf micro devices believes the furnished information is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. however, rf micro devices reserves the right to make changes to its products without notice. rf micro devices does not assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s).
5-51 RF2454 rev a4 000710 5 modulators and upconverters

pin function description interface schematic 1vdd2 power supply for the rf output amplifier. an external rf bypass capacitor is needed. the trace length between the pin and the bypass capacitor should be minimized. the ground side of the capacitor should connect immediately to the ground plane. 2vdd1 power supply for all other circuits. an external rf bypass capacitor is needed. 3pd power down control. when this pin is 0v all circuits are turned off, and when +5v all circuits are operating. this is a high impedance input, internally connected to the gates of a few fets. to minimize current consumption in power down mode, this pin should be as close to 0v as possible. in order to maximize output power this pin should be as close to +5v as possible during normal operation. 4i sig baseband input to the i mixer. this pin is dc coupled. maximum output power is obtained when the input signal has a peak to peak amplitude of 5v. the dc level supplied to this pin should be 2.50.5v. the sig and ref inputs are inputs of a differential amplifier. therefore the ref and sig inputs are interchangeable. if swapping the i sig and i ref pins, the q sig and q ref also need to be swapped to maintain the correct phase. it is also possible to drive the sig and ref inputs in a balanced mode. this will increase the gain. 5i ref reference voltage for the i mixer. this voltage should be the same as the dc voltage supplied to the i sig pin. to obtain a carrier suppres- sion of better than 40db it may be tuned 0.15v (relative to the i sig dc voltage). without tuning, it will typically be better than 25db. see pin 4. 6q ref reference voltage for the q mixer. this voltage should be the same as the dc voltage supplied to the q sig pin. to obtain a carrier suppres- sion of better than 40db it may be tuned 0.15v (relative to the q sig dc voltage). without tuning, it will typically be better than 25db. the sig and ref inputs are inputs of a differential amplifier. therefore the ref and sig inputs are interchangeable. if swapping the i sig and i ref pins, q sig and q ref also need to be swapped to maintain cor- rect phase. it is also possible to drive the sig and ref inputs in a bal- anced mode. this will increase the gain. same as pin 5. 7q sig baseband input to the q mixer. this pin is dc coupled. maximum out- put power is obtained when the input signal has a peak to peak ampli- tude of 5v. the dc level supplied to this pin should be 2.50.5v. same as pin 4. 8 lo in the input of the phase shifting network. this high impedance input can be matched with an external 56 ? termination resistor. this pin is inter- nally connected to ground through a 4k ? resistor. putting a dc voltage on this pin is not recommended. however, connecting this pin to ground, e.g., through a shunt inductor, is allowed. 9 phase this pin allows to adjust the phase of the i/q signals. however, the con- trol is very sensitive and hard to control. control voltage change for a few degrees adjustment is in the order of 10mv. device to device and temperature variation are not characterized. therefor it is not recom- mended to use this pin and leave it not connected. do not connect to ground.for compensating large errors in the i/q signals supplied to the device or in control loops this pin may prove useful. 10 gnd1 ground connection of the lo phase shift network. this pin should be connected directly to the ground plane. 11 gnd ground connection for other circuits. keep traces short and connect to ground plane immediately. 12 gnd same as pin 11. 13 gnd2 ground connection for the rf output stage. a good ground connection is especially important at this pin to avoid interference with other cir- cuits. i sig i ref lo in phase
5-52 RF2454 rev a4 000710 5 modulators and upconverters

! " pin function description interface schematic 14 rf out 50 ? output. this pin carries a dc voltage and an external blocking capacitor is recommended. rf out 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 power control +45 -45 100 pf rf output 100 pf 100 nf coupling capacitor 100 ? 100 ? 56 ? note a 100 pf lo input 100 ? 100 ? coupling capacitor v dd power down i input z in =100 v ref i input z in =100 cmos optional; input impedance is about 63-j139 ? at 400 mhz without resistor. smd resistor mounted adjacent to package pin, grounded through a via to the ground plane. note a: 50 ? strip 50 ? strip
5-53 RF2454 rev a4 000710 5 modulators and upconverters

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! " (download bill of materials from www.rfmd.com.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 power control +45 -45 p1-1 c2 100 nf c1 33 pf p1-3 c5 33 pf c3 100 pf c4 100 pf r1 56 ? i sig j1 q sig j2 lo in j3 rf out j4 p2-1 p2-3 p2 gnd gain 1 1 2 3 gain 2 2454400 rev a 50 ? strip 50 ? strip 50 ? strip 50 ? strip
5-54 RF2454 rev a4 000710 5 modulators and upconverters

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