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vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 1 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 tru050 complete vcxo based phase-locked loop the tru050, vcxo based pll features ? output frequencies to 65.536 mhz ? 5.0 v or 3.3vdc operation ? tri-state output ? holdover on loss of signal alarm ? vcxo with cmos outputs ? 0/70 or ?40/85c temperature range ? ceramic smd package ? rohs/lead free compliant description the vi tru050 is a user-configurable crystal- based pll integrated circuit. it includes a digital phase detector, op-amp, vcxo and additional integrated functions for use in digital synchronization applications. loop filter software is available as well spice models for circuit simulation. applications ? frequency translation ? clock smoothing ? nrz clock recovery ? dslam, adm, atm, aggregation, optical switching/routing, base station ? low jitter pll?s figure 1. tru050 block diagram
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 2 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 performance characteristics table 1. electrical performance parameter symbol min typical maximum units output frequency ( ordering option ) out 1, 5v option out 1, 3.3v option 1.000 1.000 65.636 51.840 mhz mhz supply voltage 1 +5 +3.3 v dd 4.5 3.0 5.0 3.3 5.5 3.6 v v supply current i dd 65 ma output logic levels output logic high 2 output logic low 2 v oh v ol 2.5 0.5 v v output transition times rise time 2 fall time 2 t r t f 5 5 ns ns input logic levels output logic high 2 output logic low 2 v ih v il 2.0 0.5 v v loss of signal indication output logic high 2 output logic low 2 v oh v ol 2.5 0.5 v v nominal frequency on loss of signal output 1 output 2 75 75 ppm ppm symmetry or duty cycle 3 out 1 out 2 rclk sym1 sym2 rclk 40/60 45/55 40/60 % % % absolute pull range, ordering option o ver operating temp, aging, power supply variations apr 50 80 100 ppm test conditions for apr (+5v option) v c 0.5 4.5 v test conditions for apr (+3.3v option) v c 0.3 3.0 v gain transfer positive phase detector gain +5v option +3.3v option 0.53 0.35 rad/v rad/v operating temperature, ordering option 0/70 or ?40/85 c control voltage leakage current i vcxo 1 ua 1. a good quality 0.01uf in parrallel with a 0.1 uf capacitor s hould be located as close to pi n 16 to ground as possible. 2. figure 1 defines these parameters. figure 2 illustrates the equivalent five-gate ttl l oad and operating conditions under wh ich these parameters are tested and specified. loads greater than 15 pf will adversely effect rise/fall time and duty cycle. 3. symmetry is defined as (on time/period wi th vs=-1.4 v for both 5v and 3.3v operation. figure 2. output waveform figure 3. out1, out2, rdata and rclk test conditions (25 5c) 80 % 1 .4v 2 0 % t f t r period on time + - + - i c v c 3 . 1 f.01 f 15pf 16 1 i dd 650 ? v dd 1.8k
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 3 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 absolute maximum ratings stresses in excess of the absolute maximum rati ngs can permanently damage the device. functional operation is not implied at these or any other c onditions in excess of conditions represented in the operational sections of this data sheet. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may adversely affect device reliability. table 2. absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol ratings unit power supply v dd 7 vdc storage temperature tstorage -55/125 c soldering temperature/duration t peak / t p 260 / 40 c/sec clock and data input range clkin, datain gnd-0.5 to v dd +0.5 v reliability the tru050 is capable of meeting the following qualification tests. table 3. environmental compliance parameter conditions mechanical shock mil-std-883, method 2002 mechanical vibration mil-std-883, method 2007 solderability mil-std-883, method 2003 gross and fine leak mil-std-883, method 1014, 100% tested resistance to solvents mil-std-883, method 2016 handling precautions although esd protection circuitry has been designed into the the tru050, proper precautions should be taken when handling and mounting. vi employs a human body model and a charged-device model (cdm) for esd susceptibility testing and design prot ection evaluation. esd thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used to define the model. table 4. esd ratings model minimum human body model 1500v mil-std 3015 charged device model 1000v jesd 22-c101
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 4 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 tru050 theory of operation phase detector the phase detector has two buffered inputs, datain and clkin, which are designed to switch at 1.4 volts. datain is designed to accept an nrz data st ream but may also be used for clock signals which have about a 50% duty cycle. clkin is connected to out1 or out2, or a divided version of one of these outputs. clkin and datain and are protected by esd diodes and shoul d not exceed the power supply voltage or ground by more than a few hundred millivolts. the phase detector is basically a latched flip flop/exclus ive-or gate/differential amplifier filter design to produce a dc signal proportional to the phase between t he clkin and datain signals, see figure 4 for a block diagram and figure 5 for a open loop transfer curv e. this simplies the pll design as the designer does not have to filter narrow pulse signal to a dc level. under locked conditions the rising edge clkin will be centered in the middle of the datain signal, see figure 6. the phase detector gain is 0.53v/rad x data density fo r 5volt operation, and 0.35v/rad x data density for 3.3 volt operation. data density = 1.0 for clock signals and is system dependent on coding and design for nrz signals, but 0.25 could be used as a starting point for data density. the phase detector output is a dc signal for data in frequencies greater than 1mhz but produces signficant ripple when inputs are less than 200khz. addi tional filtering is required for low input frequency applications such as 8khz frequency translation, see figures 8 and 9. under closed loop conditions the acti ve filter has a blocking capacitor which provides a very high dc gain, so under normal locked conditions and input frequencies >1mhz, pho will be about v dd /2 and will not vary signifigantly with changes in input frequency (w ithin lock range). the control (voltage pin 1) will vary according to the input frequency offset, but pho will remain relatively constant. d q 1 q 2 d gain = 2 / 3 gain = 5 v / 2 30 k ? 20 k ? pho (pin 6) clock in (pin 9) data in (pin 7) figure 4. simplified phase detector block diagram
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 5 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 v dd 0v 0 + ? relative phase ( e ) v dd /2 v d gain slope = v dd / 2 figure 5. open loop phase detector transfer curve recovered clock and data alignment outputs the tru050 is designed to recover an imbedded clock from an nrz data signal and retime it with a data pattern. in this application, the vcxo frequency is exactly the same frequency as the nrz data rate and the outputs are taken off pin 11, rclk, and pin 12, rdata. under locked conditions, the falling edge of rclk is centered in the rdata pattern. also, t here is a 1.5 clock cyle delay between datain and rdata. figure 6 shows the relationship between the datain, cl kin, rdata and rclk. figure 6. clock and data timing relationships for the nrz data other rz encoding schemes such as manchester or ami can be accomidated by using a tru050 at twice the baud rate. loss of signal, los and losin the los circuit provides an output alarm flag when t he datain input signal is lost. the los output is normally a logic low and is set to a logic high a fter 256 consecutive clock periods on clkin with no detected datain transitions. this si gnal can be used to either flag exter nal alarm circuits and/or drive the tru050?s losin input. when losin is set to a logic hi gh, the vcxo control voltage (pin 1) is switched to an internal voltage which centers out1 and out2 to center frequency +/-75ppm. also, los automatically closes the op amp feedback which means the op-amp is a unity gain buffer and will produce a dc voltage equal to the +op amp voltage (pin 4), usually vdd/2. clock in data in recovered data recovered clock data1 data1
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 6 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 vcxo and absolute pull range (apr) specification the tru050?s vcxo is a varactor tuned crysta l oscillator, which produces an output frequency proportional to the control voltage (pin 1). the frequenc y deviation of the tru050 vcxo is specified in terms of absolute pull range (apr). apr provides the user with a guaranteed specification for minimum available frequency deviation over all operating c onditions. operating conditions include operating temperature range, power supply variation, and di fferences in output loading and changes due to aging. a tru050 vcxo with an apr of +/-50 ppm will track a +/-50 ppm reference source over all operating conditions. the fourth character of the product c ode in table 6 specifies absolute pull range (apr). please see vectron?s web site, www.ve ctron.com, for the apr application note. apr is tested at 0.5 and 4.5 volts for a 5 volt opt ion and 0.3 and 3.0 volts for the 3.3 volt option. vcxo aging quartz stabilized oscillators typically exhibit a sm all shift in output frequency during aging. the major factors, which lead to this shift, are changes in the mechanical stress on the crystal and mass-loading of foreign material on the crystal. as the oscillator ages, relaxation of the crystal mounting stress or transfe r of environmental stress through the package to the crystal mounting arr angement can lead to frequency variations. vi has minimized these two effects through the use of a miniat ure at-cut strip resonator crystal, which allows a superior mounting arrangement, and results in minima l relaxation and almost negligible environmental stress transfer. vi has eliminated the impact of mass loading by ens uring hermetic integrity and minimizing outgassing by limiting the number of internal components thr ough the use of asic technology. mass-loading on the crystal generally results in a frequenc y decrease and is typically due to outgassing of material within a hermetic package or from contamination by exter nal material in a less than hermetic package. under normal operating conditions with an operating temperature of 40c, the tru050 will typically exhibit 2 ppm aging in the first year of operation. the device will then typically exhibit 1 ppm aging the following year with a logarithmic decline each year thereafter. divide-by feature the lowest available vcxo out 1 frequency is 12. 000mhz. to achieve lower frequencies, such as 1.544 or 2.048 mhz, out1 is divided by a 2 n counter , where n=1 to 8 and is the out2 frequency. this results in a divide by 2,4,8?256 option and is wire- bonded at the factory, so it is user selectable upon ordering only. to achieve 1.544 or 2.048mhz, a t ru050 at 24.704 with a divide by 16 or a tru050 16.384 with a divide-by 8 would be used. additional ex ternal divide-by circuits can be used to further lower or change the input frequency range. a disabled out2 is available.
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 7 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 loop filter a pll is a feedback system which forces the out put frequency to lock in both phase and frequency to the input frequency. while there will be some phase error, theory states there is no frequency error. the loop filter design will dictate many key parameters such as jitter reduction, stability, lock range and acquisition time. be advised that many textbook equations describ ing loop dynamics, such as capture range or lockin time, are based on ideal systems. such equations may not be accurate for real systems due to nonlinearities, dc offsets, noise and don?t take into account the limited vcxo bandwidth. this section deals with some real world design examples. also, t here is loop filter software on the vectron web site, plus experienced applications engineers are eager to assist in this process . common tru050 pll applications are shown in figures 7 and 8 (fr equency translation), 9 (clock recovery) and 10 (clock smoothing). of primary concern to the designer is selecting a l oop filter that insures lock-in, stability and provides adequete filtering of the input signal. a good starting point for the the loop filter bandwidth is 100ppm times the datain frequency. an example would be translating an 8khz signal to 44. 736mhz ? ds3 ? which is = 100 ppm x khz = 8hz . so for 8khz inputs, ~ 8 hz loop bandwidth may be reasonable and figures 7 and 8 show and 8khz to ds3 and 8khz to 19.440 mhz frequency translation designs. it?s fairly easy to set a low loop bandwidth for lar ge frequency translations such as 8khz to 44.736mhz, but becomes more difficult for clock smoothing applications such as 19.440mhz in and 19.440mhz output. in this example, 100ppm x 19.440mhz is about 2khz and may be too high to reject kow frequency jitter. a good way to resolve this is to lower t he input frequency such as dividing the input frequency down. the loop filter bandwidth becomes lower sinc e 100ppm * datain is lowered. figure 10 shows an example of how to design a low loop bandwith on a re latively high input signal and still maintain a wide lock range. the ?100ppm * datain frequency? loop filter bandwidth can then be tailored to the application, since lower bandwidthds are desriable to clean up and or translate clock signals and higher bandwidths may be needed for clock recovery of nrz signals. there is no known accurate formula for calculati ng acquisition time and so the best way to provide realisitc figures is to measure the lock time for a tru050. aquistion time was measured to be 3 to 5 seconds by measuring the control voltage in an 8khz to 34.368 mhz frequency translation application - similar to the application in figure 7 and 8, to sub 10 milliseconds for nrz data patterns such as figure 9. it may be tempting reduce the damping factor to 0.7 or 1.0 in order to increase aquisition time; but, it degrades stability and will not signifigantly decrease lock ti me. this is due to the fact that most vcxo?s have a 10khz bandwidth so setting a 100khz loop bandwidth is impossible. a damping factor of 4 is fairly conservative and allows for excellent stability. some general quidelines for selecting loop filter include: values should be less than 1megohm and at least 10kohm between the pho and opn, the capacit or should be low leakage and a polarized capacitor is acceptable, the r/c?s should be lo cated physically close to the tru050 . also, the loop filter software available on the web site was written for 5 volt operati on, a simple way to calculate values for 3.3 volt operation is to times the data density by 0.66 (3.3v / 5v). spice models are another design aid. in most case s a new pll tru050 design is calculated by using the software and verified with spice models, and depending on the circumstances evaluated in the applications lab. the simple active pi model is in figure 7. loop filter values can be modified to suit the system requirements and application. there are many excellent referenc es on designing pll?s, such as ?phase-locked loops, theory, design and applications?, by roland e best mcgraw-hill; however, there is loop filter software on the vectron web site, plus experienced applications engineers eager to assist in this process.
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 8 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 figure 7. spice model *****tru050 ac loop model vi 1 0 ac 1 ri 1 0 1k *****phase detector e1 2 0 1 0 1 (for closed loop response use: e1 2 0 1 12 1) r2 2 3 30k c1 2 0 60p *****phase detector gain=0.53 x data density (data density=1 for clocks) for 5 volt operation and = 0.35 * data density for 3.3 volt operation e2 4 0 3 0 . 35 *****loop filter r1 4 5 60k c2 5 0 10p rf 5 6 90k cf 6 7 1.0u e3 7 0 5 0 ?10000 ***** vcxo, input bandwidth=50khz r5 7 8 160k c4 8 0 20p *****vcxo gain x 2pi (example, use out1 x 100ppm x 2 x pi) e4 9 0 8 0 12214 *****1/s model r6 9 10 1000 c5 10 11 0.001 e5 11 0 10 0 ?1e6 ****divide by n e6 12 0 11 0 1 r8 12 0 1k the bold numbers are user selectable r/ c, data density, vcxo frequency and divide- by values, and are from figure 11. vi ri e1 r2 c1 e2 r1 c2 rf cf e3 r5 c4 e4 r6 c5 e5 e6 r7 12 345 67891011 12
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 9 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 layout considerations to achieve stable, low noise performance good anal og layout techniques should be incorporated and a partial list includes: the tru050 should be treated more like an anal og device and the power supply should be well decoupled with good quality rf 0.01 uf and 0.1uf capacitors. in some cases, a pi filter such as a large capacitor (10uf) to ground, a series ferrite bead or inductor, and 0.01 uf and 100 pf capacitor to ground to decouple the device supply is used. the traces for the out1, out2, rclk and rdata ouput s should be kept as short as possible. it is common practice to use a series resistor ? 50 to 100 ohm s ? in order to reduce refl ections if these traces are more than a couple of inches long. also out1, out2 rclk and rdata should not be routed directly underneath the device. the op-amp loop filter components should be kept as close to the device as possible and the feedback capacitor should be located close the op-amp input te rminal. the loop filter capacitor(s) should be low leakage and polarized capacitors are a llowed keeping this is mind. unused outputs should be left floating and it is not requi red to load or terminate them (such as an pecl or ecl output). loading unused outputs will only increase current consumption. typical application circuits the above loop has a 11 hz bandwidth. figure 8. 8khz to ds3 frequency translation pin 3 pin 4 pin 1 pin 2 pin 6 10k 0.1uf 10k 2.2uf 330k 20k 0.1uf 10k , 2.2uf 10k ? 8 khz (pin 7) 16khz (pin 9) tru050 44.736 mhz pin 15
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 10 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 the above loop has a 10 hz bandwidth. figure 9. 8khz to 19.44mhz frequency translation the above loop has a 4.5 khz bandwidth. figure 10. ds3 nrz clock recovery 44.736 mb/s (pin 7) pin 15 44.736 mhz disabled pin 1 pin 3 pin 2 pin 6 10k 0.01uf 130k 10k, 2.2uf 10k ? (pin 9) tru050 pin 4 8 khz (pin 7) pin 15 pin 3 pin 4 pin 1 pin 2 pin 6 20k 0.1uf 20k 2.2uf 600k 20k 0.1uf 10k , 2.2uf 10k ? tru050 19.440mhz
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 11 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 the device has been qualified to meet the jedec standard for pb-free assembly. the temperatures and time intervals listed are based on the pb-free small body requirements. the temperatures refer to the topside of the package, measured on the package body surface. the tru050 device is hermetically sealed so an aqueous wash is not an issue. 25 217 200 150 260 temperature (degc) time (sec) t s t amb-p t l t p r up r dn the above loop has a 125 hz bandwidth. figure 11. 19.440 clock smoothing table 5. reflow profile (ipc/jedec j-std-020c) parameter symbol value preheat time t s 60 sec min, 180 sec max ramp up r up 3 o c/sec max time above 217 o c t l 60 sec min, 150 sec max time to peak temperature t amb-p 480 sec max time at 260 o c t p 20 sec min, 40 sec max ramp down r dn 6 o c/sec max figure 12. suggested ir profile 19.440mhz 19.440 mhz 2.430 mhz pin 13 pin 15 pin 9 60k 1.0uf 90k 10k 10k, 2.2uf , 10k ? tru050 pin 4 pin 1 pin 3 pin 2 pin 6 16
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 12 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 figure 13. tape and reel diagram table 6. tape and reel information tape dimensions (mm) reel dimensions (mm) dimension a b c d e f g h i j k l tolerance typ typ typ typ typ min min typ min typ max typ # per reel tru050 32 14.2 1.5 4 16 1.78 21 13.0 100 5 33.1 330 200 package outline diagrams figure 14. ?gull wing lead? package
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 13 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 figure 15. ?thru hole lead? package table 7. pin functions pin symbol function 1 v c vcxo control voltage 2 opn op-amp negative input 3 opout op-amp output 4 opp op-amp positive input 5 losin input (used with los) logic 0, vcxo control voltage is enabled. logic 1, vcxo control voltage (pin 1) is disabled and out1 and out2 are within +/-75 ppm of center frequency has internal pull-down resistor 6 pho phase detector output 7 datain phase detector input signal (ttl switching thresholds) 8 gnd cover and electrical ground 9 clkin phase detector clock signal (ttl switching thresholds) 10 los output (used with losin) logic 1 if there are no transitions detect ed at datain after 256 clock cycles at clkin. as soon as a transition occurs at datain, los is set to logic low. 11 rclk recovered clock 12 rdata recovered data 13 output 2 divided-down vcxo output, or no output 14 hiz input logic 0, out1, out2, rclk, rdata are set to a high impedance state. logic 1, out1, out2, rclk, rdata are active. has internal pull-up resistor 15 output 1 vcxo output 16 v dd power supply voltage (3.3 v 10% or 5.0 v 10%)
tru050, vcxo based pll vectron international, 267 lowell rd, hudson nh 03051-4916 tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? web: www.vectron.com page 14 of 14 rev : 06jan2006 ordering information table 8. standard out1 frequencies 12.000 12.288 12.624 13.824 16.000 16.128 16.384 16.777 16.896 17.920 18.432 19.440 20.000 20.480 22.1184 22.579 24.576 25.000 25.248 27.000 28.000 30.720 32.000 32.768 33.330 34.368 35.328 38.880 40.000 40.960 41.2416 41.943 44.736 47.457 49.152 49.408 50.000 51.840 61.440 62.208 65.536 * other frequencies may be available upon request table 9. part number builder tru050 g a l g a ? 44.736 (frequency in mhz) lead style t: thru hole g: gull wing divide by power supply a=2 a: 5.0v b=4 b: 3.3 v c=8 absolute pull range d=16 g: 50 e=32 n: 80 f=64 h: 100 g=128 temperature range h=256 c: 0 to 70 c k=disabled l: -40 to 85 c for additional information, please contact: vectron international reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) and/or in formation contained her ein without notice. no liability is assumed as a result of their use or applic ation. no rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or infor mation. for additional information, please contact: usa: vectron international ? 267 lowell rd. hudson, nh 03051 ? tel: 1-88-vectron-1 ? fax: 1-888-fax-vectron europe: landstrasse, d-74924, neckarbischofsheim, germany ? tel: 49 (0) 7268 8010 ? fax: 49 (0) 7268 801281 asia: 1f-2f, no 8 workshop, no. 308 fenju road, waigaoqiao free trade zone, pudong, shanghai, china 200131 tel: 86 21 5048 0777 ? fax: 86 21 5048 1881

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